Certain Investigation on Healthcare Monitoring for Enhancing Data Transmission in WSN

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks - Wireless Sensor Networks are often to perform autonomous sensing and controlling the real world objects through the sensor nodes across the...     

Concepts and Application of Time-Limiters to High Resolution Schemes

A new class of implicit high-order non-oscillatory time integration schemes is introduced in a method-of-lines framework. These schemes can be used in conjunction with an appropriate spatial discretization scheme for the numerical solution of time dependent conservation equations. The main concept behind these schemes is that the order of accuracy in time is dropped locally in regions where the time evolution of the solution is not smooth. By doing this, an attempt is made at locally satisfying monotonicity conditions, while maintaining a high order of accuracy in most of the solution domain. When a linear high order time integration scheme is used along with a high order spatial discretization, enforcement of monotonicity imposes severe time-step restrictions. We propose to apply limiters to these time-integration schemes, thus making them non-linear. When these new schemes are used with high order spatial discretizations, solutions remain non-oscillatory for much larger time-steps as compared to linear time integration schemes. Numerical results obtained on scalar conservation equations and systems of conservation equations are highly promising.     

High rate nitrogen removal in an alum sludge-based intermittent aeration constructed wetland

A new development on treatment wetland technology for the purpose of achieving high rate nitrogen removal from high strength wastewater has been made in this study. The laboratory scale alum sludge-based intermittent aeration constructed wetland (AlS-IACW) was integrated with predenitrification, intermittent aeration, and step-feeding strategies. Results obtained from 280 days of operation have demonstrated extraordinary nitrogen removal performance with mean total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 90% under high N loading rate (NLR) of 46.7 g N m(-2) d(-1). This performance was a substantial improvement compared to the reported TN removal performance in literature. Most significantly, partial nitrification and simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) via nitrite was found to be the main nitrogen conversion pathways in the AlS-IACW system under high dissolved oxygen concentrations (3-6 mg L(-1)) without specific control. SND under high dissolved oxygen (DO) brings high nitrogen conversion rates. Partial nitrification and SND via nitrite can significantly reduce the demand for organic carbon compared with full nitrification and denitrification via nitrate (up to 40%). Overall, these mechanisms allow the system to maintaining efficient and high rate TN removal even under carbon limiting conditions.     

Development of male contraceptive vaccine--a perspective

Anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been used in vivo for immunolocalization and in phase I and II trials to target disseminated neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. However, the efficacy of these first-generation MAbs is likely to be improved by using engineered anti-GD2 antibodies. The generation of single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) could be very helpful as these molecules can be further modified to produce recombinant molecules with pre-defined properties such as immunotoxins, chimeric, or bispecific antibodies. Thus, a scFv directed against GD2 (scFv 7A4) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed. Its binding properties were characterized and compared to that of the parental MAb 7A4. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the scFv 7A4 indicated that its VH region belongs to the V region IIID subgroup and the V kappa to the V region II subgroup. The scFv 7A4 bound to GD2+ neuroblastoma cell lines but not to GD2- cell lines or to GD2- cells isolated from peripheral blood. ELISA and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) indicated that it retained the anti-GD2 specificity, and exhibited a slight cross-reaction with GD3 as the parental MAb. This scFv makes it possible to develop new useful reagents through genetic engineering for adjuvant tumor therapy.     

Conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS thin film using roll to plate technique and its characterization as a Schottky diode

The conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) was improved by pressing the PEDOT:PSS thin film using roll to plate system. PEDOT:PSS thin film was deposited on polyethylene terephthalate using electrohydrodynamics atomization technique. The physico-chemical properties of the pressed thin film at different loads were compared with an un-pressed sample. The electrical properties show that the film conductivity has been increased by four times. An optimized pressing load was found to have good conductivity and transmittance of the thin film. A hybrid device (PEDOT:PSS/F8BT/ZnO/Ag) was fabricated using layer by layer method with PEDOT:PSS as anode. The I–V characterization showed that the device with pressed PEDOT:PSS showed higher current densities. The results give a promising future of PEDOT:PSS in electronics device applications using printed electronics techniques.     

Hydrolysis of SnCl2 on polyaniline: Formation of conducting PAni‐SnO2 composite with enhanced electrochemical properties

First time in the literature, we report that polyaniline‐EB can be doped by SnCl₂ to give conducting SnO₂ doped polyaniline novel material. The composite is characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet‐visible, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph, transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical methods. The new composite exhibited improved electrochemical properties compared with the virgin polymer. The composite is also expected for its high sensitivity for recognizing volatile organic compounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

The importance of fatty acids in glycaemic response

Most diets worldwide are composed of high carbohydrate foods. Their consumption is associated with a rapid rise in blood glucose. The potential role that the degree of saturation of fatty acids may have in glycaemic response forms the basis of this paper. The addition of butter, olive oil or grapeseed oil significantly reduced the glycaemic index of white bread (white bread GI = 71; bread + butter GI = 53, bread + grapeseed oil GI = 58; bread+ olive oil GI = 50. The addition of olive oil had the greatest impact on GI. Olive oil has been widely recommended for its impact on blood lipids and cholesterol. Olive oil's influence on glycaemic response spawns a new line of research that should examine the role of lipids in carbohydrate metabolism.     

Large Antenna Array with Hybrid Beamforming System for 5G Outdoor Mobile Broadband Communication Deployments

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication requires large antenna arrays to increase the capability of cellular networks of the fifth generation with good beam-forming gains and a substantial reduction in path losses for both transmitting and receiving terminals. As large antenna arrays require one radio frequency chain per antenna element, the fully digital beamforming technique results in high cost and high-power consumption, and it is therefore not feasible. However, in analog solutions, adaptive gain control cannot be used as it reduces the likelihood of advanced processing and contributes to poor efficiency. Hybrid schemes are possible exciting solutions that overcome the deficiencies of pure digital or analog beam forming. The following are the three key contributions of the proposed work: a typical link budget specification for target data rate 3.10 Gbps in downlink and 0.6 Gbps in uplink is provided, micro strip patch antenna with a single element is designed to operate at 28 GHz and then converted into a standard linear array and a Kalman-based hybrid analog/digital precoding is used with a downlink rate of 4.64 Gbps/cell and an uplink rate of 1.84 Gbps/cell in multi-user environments. And the influence of both base station (BS) and 5G User equipment (UEs) beam steering capability is also explored. From the simulation result, it is evident that the proposed work offers a substantial increase in spectral efficiency approximately 9.28 bps/Hz at 20 dB with 10 channel paths.

     

An investigation on specific absorption rate reduction materials with human tissue cube for biomedical applications

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of human exposure due to electromagnetic fields and to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR). This work focuses on the implementation of different electromagnetic shield materials such as conductive materials, dielectric materials, ferrite materials, and metamaterials that are currently used for SAR reduction. The experimental analysis is performed with the global system for mobile communication (GSM) dipole antenna operating at 900 MHz as its radiation source. The designed dipole is placed in front of a cube with similar dielectric properties of human tissue. The computation, implementation, and evaluation are performed by using the method of moments. Further calculation of SAR reduction factor (SRF), SAR 1 g, gain, directivity, and beamwidth are estimated for 15 different shield materials. There is a need for an ideal shield material that could reduce SAR and does not compromise the performance of the radiation structure. This work investigates and proposes the nanomaterials and composites as suitable shield materials for SAR reduction. This novel approach of implementation of nanomaterials has proved to increase the SRF over 90% than conventional reduction materials. In addition, gain and directivity are also increased by 50% than the existing shield materials. The currently used materials are compared with the proposed nanomaterials, and the results are analyzed. The results indicate that the nanomaterials and its composites are ideal shield material for SAR reduction.