Entropy Based Approach to Data Loss Reparation Through the Indeterminate Fine-Grained Parallel Computation

The new method of a gap recovery in symbol sequences is presented. A covering is combined from the suitable reasonably short strings of the parts of a sequence available for observation. Two criteria are introduced to choose the best covering. It must yield the maximum of entropy of a frequency dictionary developed over the sequence obtained due to the recovery, if an overlapping combined from the copies of strings from the available parts of the sequence exists. The second criterion identifies the best covering in case when one has to use any string to cover the gap; here the best covering must yield the minimum of specific entropy of the frequency dictionary developed over the available parts of the sequence against the one developed over the entire sequence obtained due to the recovery. Kirdin kinetic machine which is the ideal fine-grained structureless computer has been used to resolve the problem of the reconstruction of a gap in symbol sequence.     

Cardioinotropic Effects in Subchronic Intoxication of Rats with Lead and/or Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles

Subchronic intoxication was induced in outbred male rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections with lead oxide (PbO) and/or cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) 3 times a week during 6 weeks for the purpose of examining its effects on the contractile characteristics of isolated right ventricle trabeculae and papillary muscles in isometric and afterload contractions. Isolated and combined intoxication with these NPs was observed to reduce the mechanical work produced by both types of myocardial preparation. Using the in vitro motility assay, we showed that the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments drops under both isolated and combined intoxication with CdO–NP and PbO–NP. These results correlate with a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms towards slowly cycling β–MHC. The type of CdO–NP + PbO–NP combined cardiotoxicity depends on the effect of the toxic impact, the extent of this effect, the ratio of toxicant doses, and the degree of stretching of cardiomyocytes and muscle type studied. Some indices of combined Pb–NP and CdO–NP cardiotoxicity and general toxicity (genotoxicity included) became fully or partly normalized if intoxication developed against background administration of a bioprotective complex.     

hTERT-Driven Immortalization of RDEB Fibroblast and Keratinocyte Cell Lines Followed by Cre-Mediated Transgene Elimination

The recessive form of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a crippling disease caused by impairments in the junctions of the dermis and the basement membrane of the epidermis. Using ectopic expression of hTERT/hTERT + BMI-1 in primary cells, we developed expansible cultures of RDEB fibroblasts and keratinocytes. We showed that they display the properties of their founders, including morphology, contraction ability and expression of the respective specific markers including reduced secretion of type VII collagen (C7). The immortalized keratinocytes retained normal stratification in 3D skin equivalents. The comparison of secreted protein patterns from immortalized RDEB and healthy keratinocytes revealed the differences in the contents of the extracellular matrix that were earlier observed specifically for RDEB. We demonstrated the possibility to reverse the genotype of immortalized cells to the state closer to the progenitors by the Cre-dependent hTERT switch off. Increased β-galactosidase activity and reduced proliferation of fibroblasts were shown after splitting out of transgenes. We anticipate our cell lines to be tractable models for studying RDEB from the level of single-cell changes to the evaluation of 3D skin equivalents. Our approach permits the creation of standardized and expandable models of RDEB that can be compared with the models based on primary cell cultures.     

Influence of the Type and Method of Injection of Oxides Admixtures of Rare Earth Elements on Colour and other Properties of Dental Porcelain

A glassceramic material, which can be used in stomatology for production of dentinal layer of the dental crown multilayer coating, was received. In order to colour the material the admixtures of Tb and Ce compounds were used, as well as composite admixture representing a mixture of Ce, Nd and La oxides. It was demonstrated that the admixture of Tb oxide tones the material only when it is used together with Ce oxide. It was found that the more admixtures of rare earth elements oxides are contained in the sample composition, the higher the colour strength of the sintered material is. The wave length for the test samples is in the range of 600～650 nm, which corresponds to the yellow-orange and orange-red spectral range.     

On the implementation of bytecode compression for interpreted languages

This paper describes a new method for code space optimization for interpreted languages called LZW‐CC . The method is based on a well‐known and widely used compression algorithm, LZW , which has been adapted to compress executable program code represented as bytecode. Frequently occurring sequences of bytecode instructions are replaced by shorter encodings for newly generated bytecode instructions. The interpreter for the compressed code is modified to recognize and execute those new instructions. When applied to systems where a copy of the interpreter is supplied with each user program, space is saved not only by compressing the program code but also by automatically removing the unused implementation code from the interpreter. The method's implementation within two compiler systems for the programming languages Haskell and Java is described and implementation issues of interest are presented, notably the recalculations of target jumps and the automated tailoring of the interpreter to program code. Applying LZW‐CC to nhc98 Haskell results in bytecode size reduction by up to 15.23% and executable size reduction by up to 11.9%. Java bytecode is reduced by up to 52%. The impact of compression on execution speed is also discussed; the typical speed penalty for Java programs is between 1.8 and 6.6%, while most compressed Haskell executables run faster than the original. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Communication and reputation as essentials for the positioning of an organization

Communication and reputation are essential for the positioning of an organization, which is based on communications theory, management sociology, corporate management, and public relations. Corporate culture and visual identity are also important for any organization; they not only help develop an integrated image of the organization but also contribute to developing its successful positioning strategy. We began our research with the analysis stage, in which we elicited the practices of both the internal and external communications of the organization studied. We used such methods as communication and reputation audits with a questionnaire survey, focus groups, the semantic differential method, and the projective method. The analysis stage of the research produced results that helped us adjust the positioning strategy of the organization by taking into account its individual characteristics and the features of its target publics and its target markets.     

FUS Microphase Separation: Regulation by Nucleic Acid Polymers and DNA Repair Proteins

Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is involved in the regulation of RNA and DNA metabolism. FUS participates in the formation of biomolecular condensates driven by phase transition. FUS is prone to self-aggregation and tends to undergo phase transition both with or without nucleic acid polymers. Using dynamic light scattering and fluorescence microscopy, we examined the formation of FUS high-order structures or FUS-rich microphases induced by the presence of RNA, poly(ADP-ribose), ssDNA, or dsDNA and evaluated effects of some nucleic-acid-binding proteins on the phase behavior of FUS–nucleic acid systems. Formation and stability of FUS-rich microphases only partially correlated with FUS’s affinity for a nucleic acid polymer. Some proteins—which directly interact with PAR, RNA, ssDNA, and dsDNA and are possible components of FUS-enriched cellular condensates—disrupted the nucleic-acid-induced assembly of FUS-rich microphases. We found that XRCC1, a DNA repair factor, underwent a microphase separation and formed own microdroplets and coassemblies with FUS in the presence of poly(ADP-ribose). These results probably indicated an important role of nucleic-acid-binding proteins in the regulation of FUS-dependent formation of condensates and imply the possibility of the formation of XRCC1-dependent phase-separated condensates in the cell.     

Isolating Linum usitatissimum L. Nuclear DNA Enabled Assembling High-Quality Genome

High-quality genome sequences help to elucidate the genetic basis of numerous biological processes and track species evolution. For flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)—a multifunctional crop, high-quality assemblies from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) data were unavailable, largely due to the difficulty of isolating pure high-molecular-weight DNA. This article proposes a scheme for gaining a contiguous L. usitatissimum assembly using Nanopore data. We developed a protocol for flax nuclei isolation with subsequent DNA extraction, which allows obtaining about 5 μg of pure high-molecular-weight DNA from 0.5 g of leaves. Such an amount of material can be collected even from a single plant and yields more than 30 Gb of ONT data in two MinION runs. We performed a comparative analysis of different genome assemblers and polishers on the gained data and obtained the final 447.1-Mb assembly of L. usitatissimum line 3896 genome using the Canu—Racon (two iterations)—Medaka combination. The genome comprised 1695 contigs and had an N50 of 6.2 Mb and a completeness of 93.8% of BUSCOs from eudicots_odb10. Our study highlights the impact of the chosen genome construction strategy on the resulting assembly parameters and its eligibility for future genomic studies.     

Experimental Crossing Confirms Reproductive Isolation between Cryptic Species within Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Lake Baikal

Ancient lakes are known speciation hotspots. One of the most speciose groups in the ancient Lake Baikal are gammaroid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaroidea). There are over 350 morphological species and subspecies of amphipods in Baikal, but the extent of cryptic variation is still unclear. One of the most common species in the littoral zone of the lake, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Gerstfeldt, 1858), was recently found to comprise at least three (pseudo)cryptic species based on molecular data. Here, we further explored these species by analyzing their mitogenome-based phylogeny, genome sizes with flow cytometry, and their reproductive compatibility. We found divergent times of millions of years and different genome sizes in the three species (6.1, 6.9 and 8 pg), further confirming their genetic separation. Experimental crossing of the western and southern species, which are morphologically indistinguishable and have adjacent ranges, showed their separation with a post-zygotic reproductive barrier, as hybrid embryos stopped developing roughly at the onset of gastrulation. Thus, the previously applied barcoding approach effectively indicated the separate biological species within E. verrucosus. These results provide new data for investigating genome evolution and highlight the need for precise tracking of the sample origin in any studies in this morphospecies.