MESSB–LWE: multi-extractable somewhere statistically binding and learning with error-based integrity and authentication for cloud storage

The concept of cloud envisioned cyber-physical systems is a practical technology that allows users to interact with each other while transferring data in the cloud. In cyber-physical systems, cloud storage utilizes data deduplication techniques to improve the performance of its applications. However, this method exposes sensitive data and causes security risks. Various research related to cloud storage has been conducted. Despite the advantages of this technology, it lacks the necessary security features and high performance. In the proposed method, a victim's virtual computer is moved to the cloud without interfering with the other processes running on the network. It protects against the attacks caused by encrypting the data with a cryptographically binding hash. Post-Quantum Cryptographic techniques, such as lightweight Multi-Extractable Somewhere Statistically Binding and Learning With Error authenticate data sharing protocols (MESSB–LWE), have been used. These allow for safe data sharing across geographically scattered physical devices and clients with lightweight concepts. The numerical analysis of MESSB–LWE is carried out in different stages, and the results show that it has incredible performance and practicality when compared to the literature. Finally, the authors have explored a couple of factors that should be considered for future research work in authentication for securing remote systems in the cloud environment.

     

Logical Representation of a Conceptual Model for Spatial Data Warehouses

The MultiDimER model is a conceptual model used for representing a multidimensional view of data for Data Warehouse (DW) and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) applications. This model includes a spatial extension allowing spatiality in levels, hierarchies, fact relationships, and measures. In this way decision-making users can represent in an abstract manner their analysis needs without considering complex implementation issues and spatial OLAP tools developers can have a common vision for representing spatial data in a multidimensional model. In this paper we propose the transformation of a conceptual schema based on the MultiDimER constructs to an object-relational schema. We based our mapping on the SQL:2003 and SQL/MM standards giving examples of commercial implementation using Oracle 10g with its spatial extension. Further we use spatial integrity constraints to ensure the semantic equivalence of the conceptual and logical schemas. We also show some examples of Oracle spatial functions, including aggregation functions required for the manipulation of spatial data. The described mappings to the object-relational model along with the examples using a commercial system show the feasibility of implementing spatial DWs in current commercial DBMSs. Further, using integrated architectures, where spatial and thematic data is defined within the same DBMS, facilitates the system management simplifying data definition and manipulation.

An efficient and intelligent routing strategy for vehicular delay tolerant networks

The vehicular delay-tolerant network is the real-life application based area of Delay tolerant network where communication takes place using vehicular nodes and roadside units. The topology used in vehicular networks is highly dynamic by architecture due to the use of moving vehicular nodes. It operates in such a scenario where a direct path between source and destination remains absent on the most piece of the time. In case of non-existence of connected path vehicular delay-tolerant network works opportunistically and uses the same store, carry, and forward paradigm as Delay Tolerant Network. However, the routing protocols designed for vehicular delay-tolerant network faces crucial challenges like inadequate relay node, incomplete data transfer, a large number of packet drop, and uncertain delivery time. In this research paper, we propose a novel routing strategy for the vehicular delay-tolerant network. The proposed routing strategy selects efficient vehicular relay node for complete packet transfer and intelligently reduces the packet drop for timely packet delivery. We implement the proposed routing strategy in the ONE simulator; the ONE simulator provides an opportunistic environment for nodes. We analyze the performance of the proposed strategy under various simulations results using different parameters. The results show that the proposed strategy outperforms standard routing protocols in terms of considered parameters and provide an efficient solution for the problem of disconnection.

     

Comparison of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from humans and chicken carcasses in Poland

Campylobacter-associated gastroenteritis remains an important cause of morbidity worldwide, and some evidence suggests that poultry is an important source of this foodborne infection in humans. This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and genetic background of resistance of 149 Campylobacter jejuni and 54 Campylobacter coli strains isolated from broiler chicken carcasses and from stool samples of infected children in Poland from 2003 through 2005. Nearly all isolates were susceptible to macrolides and aminoglycosides. The highest resistance in both human and chicken strains was observed for ciprofloxacin (more than 40%), followed by ampicillin (13 to 21%), and tetracycline (8 to 29%). Resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline rose significantly between 2003 and 2005. Slight differences in resistance between human and chicken isolates indicate that although chicken meat is not the only source of Campylobacter infection in our population, it can be involved in the transmission of drug-resistant Campylobacter strains to humans.     

The Role of Chemokines in the Development of Gastric Cancer—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. GC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage due to late presentation of symptoms. Therefore, there is a need for establishing more sensitive and specific markers useful in early detection of the disease when a cancer is asymptomatic to improve the diagnostic and clinical decision-making process. Some researchers suggest that chemokines and their specific receptors play an important role in GC initiation and progression via promotion of angiogenesis, tumor transformation, invasion, survival and metastasis as well as protection from host response and inter-cell communication. Chemokines are small proteins produced by various cells such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and epithelial and tumor cells. According to our knowledge, the significance of chemokines and their specific receptors in diagnosing GC and evaluating its progression has not been fully elucidated. The present article offers a review of current knowledge on general characteristics of chemokines, specific receptors and their role in GC pathogenesis as well as their potential usefulness as novel biomarkers for GC.     

Potential of Telomerase in Age-Related Macular Degeneration—Involvement of Senescence,DNA Damage Response and Autophagy and a Key Role of PGC-1α

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the main cause of vision loss in the elderly, is associated with oxidation in the retina cells promoting telomere attrition. Activation of telomerase was reported to improve macular functions in AMD patients. The catalytic subunit of human telomerase (hTERT) may directly interact with proteins important for senescence, DNA damage response, and autophagy, which are impaired in AMD. hTERT interaction with mTORC1 (mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) complex 1) and PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) activates macroautophagy and mitophagy, respectively, and removes cellular debris accumulated over AMD progression. Ectopic expression of telomerase in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells lengthened telomeres, reduced senescence, and extended their lifespan. These effects provide evidence for the potential of telomerase in AMD therapy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) may be involved in AMD pathogenesis through decreasing oxidative stress and senescence, regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and improving autophagy. PGC-1α and TERT form an inhibitory positive feedback loop. In conclusion, telomerase activation and its ectopic expression in RPE cells, as well as controlled clinical trials on the effects of telomerase activation in AMD patients, are justified and should be assisted by PGC-1α modulators to increase the therapeutic potential of telomerase in AMD.     

The Influence of Steric Effect,Alkyl Chain Length,and Donor Number of Solvents on the Extraction of Copper(II) Complexes with 1-Alkyl-4-Methylimidazoles

Abstract

The formation of Cu(II) complexes with 1-alkyl-4-methylimidazoles (where alkyl = butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl) has been studied by using the liquid-liquid partition method at 25°C and a fixed ionic strength of the aqueous phase (I = 0.5; (HL)NO₃, KNO₃). 2-Ethylhexanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, p-xylene, and toluene were used as a solvent. Stability constants, β_n, of the complexes in aqueous solution were determined as well as their partition ratios between the organic and aqueous phase. Under the influence of the steric effect, the methyl group in position 4 as well as the length of the alkyl group in position 1 of the ligands and electron-donating properties of solvents, both the polyhedral structure and the co-ordination numbers of the Cu(II) complexes are changed, thus resulting in an increase in the solvent/water partition ratios, P_n, of the complexes and lowering of the pH_1/2 of the extraction.     

Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism in Migraine and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Migraine, the leading cause of disability in the population aged below 50, is associated with functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) such as functional nausea, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Conversely, changes in intestinal GI transit may cause diarrhea or constipation and are a component of the autonomic symptoms associated with pre- and post-dorsal phases of migraine attack. These mutual relationships provoke a question on a common trigger in migraine and FGIDs. The kynurenine (l-kyn) pathway (KP) is the major route for l-tryptophan (l-Trp) metabolism and transforms l-Trp into several neuroactive compounds. Changes in KP were reported in both migraine and FGIDs. Migraine was largely untreatable, but several drugs approved lately by the FDA, including monoclonal antibodies for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor, create a hope for a breakthrough in migraine treatment. Derivatives of l-kyn were efficient in pain relief with a mechanism including CGRP inhibition. KP products are important ligands to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), whose activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of GI and migraine. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in migraine and IBS pathogeneses, and KP metabolites detected downstream of TLR activation may be an IBS marker. The TLR4 signaling was observed in initiating and maintaining migraine-like behavior through myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in the mouse. The aim of this review is to justify the view that KP modulation may provide common triggers for migraine and FGIDs with the involvement of TLR, AhR, and MyD88 activation.