Torque Transfer to a Conducting Particle Using the Lorentz Force

Semiconductors - In this work, we discuss for the first time the principle of rotation in the constant electric field of a conducting particle with participation of the Lorentz force, which ensures...     

Neoagarooligosaccharide Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis via Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway

Hepatic fibrosis occurs when liver tissue becomes scarred from repetitive liver injury and inflammatory responses; it can progress to cirrhosis and eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, we reported that neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOs), produced by the hydrolysis of agar by β-agarases, have hepatoprotective effects against acetaminophen overdose-induced acute liver injury. However, the effect of NAOs on chronic liver injury, including hepatic fibrosis, has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we examined whether NAOs protect against fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. NAOs ameliorated PAI-1, α-SMA, CTGF and fibronectin protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells. Furthermore, downstream of TGF-β, the Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by NAOs in LX-2 cells. Treatment with NAOs diminished the severity of hepatic injury, as evidenced by reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver fibrosis mouse models. Moreover, NAOs markedly blocked histopathological changes and collagen accumulation, as shown by H&E and Sirius red staining, respectively. Finally, NAOs antagonized the CCl₄-induced upregulation of the protein and mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in the liver. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NAOs may be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver injury via inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.     

Use of Nuclear Energy in Outer-Space Systems

Atomic Energy - The history and direction of further development of space nuclear energetics are examined. The functional diagram and principle of operation of a promising, powerful,...     

The Central Lyapunov Limit Theorem and the Property of the Asymptotic Normality of the Sequence of Stable Polynomial Coefficients

Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International - It is shown that the Lyapunov theorem on the distribution properties of the sum of random variables with different distribution densities...     

Technological Aspects of Synthesizing Ceramic Coatings by Flow-Through Micro-Arc Oxidation

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - The paper introduces a promising technology for utilizing a traditional scheme for implementing a flow-through micro-arc oxidation method to restore localized...     

Influence of Titanium Excess in a Ti–Si Reaction Mixture on the Synthesis of a Composite in a Combustion Wave

Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering - On the basis of the classic concepts of the theory of solid-phase combustion, for the first time, a model with a detailed scheme of chemical...