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H. Kargi 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(8):1805-1817
Principal components analysis (PCA) of remotely sensed satellite image data is a widely used method in mineral exploration. Generally, the method is used for iron oxide and hydroxyl mapping. In this study, however, the PCA method is adopted for borate exploration. This paper demonstrates how PCA of Landsat TM data can be used to map borate minerals. The method has been applied to the sub‐scene of Bigadic and tested on the borate field in Kirka, Turkey. Anomalous pixels for borate minerals in PC6 images have coincided with known borate deposits. Whether borate minerals are mapped into a PC image depends on the appearance of opposite signs in eigenvector loadings for TM4 and TM7 in one or more PCs. Borate coverage in an image is important to emphasize the appearance of opposite signs in eigenvector loadings for TM4 and TM7 in more than one PC. 相似文献
3.
Fikret Kocabaş Özgür Kişi Mehmet Ardiçlioğlu 《Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems》2013,30(4):367-375
Density differences may occur because of temperature differentials, suspended sediments, dissolved salts or other chemicals. Most of the large surface reservoirs are stably stratified throughout most, or all, of the year. One of the means of assisting the management is to allow a selective withdrawal from the reservoir. And while an intake is used for withdrawal (from the lower layer), a maximum discharge is required not allowing the uptake of the upper layer fluids. The value of the intake's vertical distance from the upper layer elevation (submergence) when the upper layer fluids begin to be drawn into the intake is known as ‘critical submergence’. In this study, the critical submergence for a circular intake pipe in a stratified body (which has different layer thickness) is investigated. Experiments were conducted on a vertically flowing downward intake pipe in a still-water reservoir. Artificial neural network (ANN) models and formulas, which are found by the theoretical analysis of critical spherical sink surface (CSSS), are used for the analysis of experimental results. The CSSS has the same centre and discharge as the intake. The ANN model and CSSS results are compared with the experimental results. 相似文献
4.
Ozan Avinc Emine Bakan Aykut Demiral Grkem Gedik Fikret Karc 《Coloration Technology》2020,136(4):356-369
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the first melt‐processable, renewable, sustainable and biodegradable natural‐based synthetic fibre. It has a broad range of uses and combines ecological advantages with outstanding performance in textiles. PLA fibre, as an aliphatic polyester, can be dyed with disperse dyes. Apart from the limited number of commercial disperse dyes, disperse dye exhaustion on PLA is generally lower than that on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). In this study, new heterocyclic disazo disperse dyes, substituted with methyl, nitro and chloro groups at their ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐ positions, synthesised in our previous study, were applied to PLA and PET fibres to examine their dyeing performance, and colour fastness and dye exhaustion properties. Different shades of yellow, orange, reddish brown and brown were obtained. Most of the synthesised novel heterocyclic disazo disperse dyes exhibited good build‐up properties with high K/S levels on both fibres. Para‐ bonding substituent provided higher K/S values than meta‐ and ortho‐ positions for –NO2 and –Cl substituents for both fibres. Overall, the most synthesised novel heterocyclic disazo disperse dyes in this study exhibited good build‐up properties with high K/S, exhaustion and wet fastness levels on both PLA and PET fibres. 相似文献
5.
Bio-hydrogen production by different operational modes of dark and photo-fermentation: An overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hidayet ArgunFikret Kargi 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2011,36(13):7443-7459
This article overviews reported studies on bio-hydrogen production from different raw materials by dark and photo-fermentations operated with different modes. Sequential and combined dark and photo-fermentations operated in batch, continuous and fed-batch modes were compared. Operating conditions and modes resulting in the highest hydrogen yield and formation rate were revealed. Relative advantages of sequential and combined dark and photo-fermentations were discussed. Sequential fermentation was found to be preferable due to high H2 yields and productivities. High cell density fed-batch culture with controlled feeding and simultaneous product removal was concluded to be the most suitable operation mode at the optimum environmental conditions. 相似文献
6.
Fikret Yılmaz Semra Ergen Soon-Jik Hong Orhan Uzun 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(44):20243-20251
The LaNi5 intermetallic compound is an AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy which exhibits low operating temperature, easy activation, low pressure and tolerance to impurities. In this study, LaNi4.7-x Al0.3Bix (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys were produced by melt-spinning technique and the effects of Al and Bi additions on the microstructure, thermal and hydrogen storage properties of LaNi5 were investigated. The results showed that substitution of Ni with Al led to a desired decrease in absorption/desorption plateau pressure and hysteresis without a decrease in hydrogen storage capacity. In contrast, Bi substitution with Ni increased the absorption/desorption plateau pressure, reduced the hydrogen capacity and increased pulverization resistance of the alloy due to the formation of BiLa and AlNi3 intermetallic phases at the grain boundaries. 相似文献
7.
A decentralized control approach is presented for a network of robotic sensors to achieve the global coordination: group aggregation or consensus flocking. Each robotic sensor obeys three local interaction rules: group cohesion, collision avoidance and velocity alignment. Accordingly, the resultant control law for each robotic sensor is composed of three associated control components. The cohesion control component is based on geometry and additionally enables maintaining initial interconnection of network. The alignment control component ensures that all members in an interconnected network eventually reach to a common velocity. The control component for collision avoidance among members, as a passive role, is embedded in cohesion control. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed control approach in achieving the coordination behaviour with an initially interconnected network. However, we observed that an initially non-interconnected network may also achieve the coordination behaviour depending on the initial distribution and velocities. Initial interconnection of a network is only a sufficient but not essential condition for the network to achieve the coordination behaviour for our control approach. 相似文献
8.
In this paper, an application of a robust quadratic stabilization algorithm (RQSA) to continuous-time and discrete-time observers is presented. The RQSA is based on checking end points of a bounding hyperpolyhedron. The RQSA applied to observers is introduced, and implemented for a simplified car model, in both continuous-time and discrete-time case. The paper concludes that the RQSA is feasible to estimate unavailable states, even though there are structured uncertainties in the system matrix and in the measurement matrix. 相似文献
9.
A hybrid-loop bioreactor system consisting of a packed column biofilm and an aerated tank bioreactor with an effluent recycle was used for biological treatment of 2,4,6 tri-chlorophenol (TCP) containing synthetic wastewater. The effects of sludge age (solids retention time) on chemical oxygen demand (COD), TCP, and toxicity removal performance of the system were investigated for sludge ages between 5 and 30?days, while the feed COD (2600±100?mg?L?1), TCP (370±10?mg?L?1), and the hydraulic residence time (25?h) were constant. Percent TCP, COD, and toxicity removals increased with increasing sludge age resulting in nearly complete COD, TCP, and toxicity removal at sludge ages above 20?days. Biomass concentrations in the packed column and in the aeration tank increased with increasing sludge age resulting in low reactor TCP concentrations, and therefore, high TCP, COD, and toxicity removals. More than 95% of COD, TCP, and toxicity removal took place in the packed column reactor. Volumetric rates of TCP and COD removal increased due to increasing biomass and decreasing effluent TCP and COD concentrations with increasing sludge age. The specific rate of TCP removal was maximum (120?mg?TCP?gX?1?day?1) at a sludge age of 20?days. TCP inhibition was eliminated by operation of the system at sludge age above 20?days to obtain nearly complete COD, TCP, and toxicity removal. 相似文献
10.
Kaan Sevki Kavak Orhan Tatar John Piper Fikret Kocbulut B. Levent Mesci 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(17):4507-4524
The junction between the East Anatolian and the Dead Sea fault zones lies close to an unstable F: Transform fault (FFF) triple junction where the African, Eurasian and Arabian plates meet in south-eastern Turkey. The Karasu Basin is an ephemeral rifted structure located close to the junction of these plate boundaries and is expressed by a range of tectono-morphological features. This study uses remote sensing to define tectonic structures and discriminate volcanic rocks linked to rifting within the basin using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery. Prior to advanced image processing stages, images were corrected to eliminate atmospheric scattering effects and determine the best band combination for multi-spectral processing techniques based on statistical methods. Following pre-processing stages, edge detection filters were applied to derive tectonic structures defining the basin. The Brovey transformation, a statistical data merging method, was used to combine reflective multi-spectral bands with the Landsat ETM+?panchromatic band. This method fuses higher spatial data with data of lower spatial value. The western margin of the Karasu Basin is defined by the left-lateral Amanos Fault Zone with a contemporary motion (c. –0.4 mm a?1) probably accommodating most of the left-lateral strike-slip motion between Arabian and African plates on the northern continuation of the Dead Sea Fault Zone. The rift zone has been the site of extensive recent volcanism concentrated within the Brunhes Chron (<0.78 Ma) and linked to fault block rotations between the intracontinental master faults. The boundaries of this activity are defined here using a regolith mapping technique. 相似文献