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1.
D. Spemann T. Reinert J. Vogt D. Dobrev T. Butz 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2002,190(1-4):312-317
For the precise determination of the sizes of submicron beam spots test structures with an excellent edge definition are required. For this purpose a semiconductor heterostructure consisting of an 1.62 μm GaInP epi-layer grown on (0 0 1) GaAs has been made, which provides atomically sharp edges for beam spot size measurements. Since the sample has been thinned down by standard transmission electron microscope (TEM) preparation techniques, it can be used for both PIXE and STIM. The sample has been investigated with a TEM and the ion nanoprobe LIPSION. A one-dimensional beam profile in the low current mode was determined by a STIM measurement using 2 MeV protons and yielded a FWHM of (41±4) nm, which is the smallest value reported so far for high energy nuclear micro- and nanoprobes. Furthermore we present nickel nanowhiskers produced at the GSI Darmstadt by electrochemical preparation of etched ion track membranes that have been used to obtain two-dimensional images of the shapes of submicron beam spots. For these measurements a scan over a single nickel nanowhisker having a diameter of 220 nm and a height of about 6 μm was performed. 相似文献
2.
E Danielsen R Bauer L Hemmingsen MJ Bjerrum T Butz W Tr?ger GW Canters T Den Blaauwen G Van Pouderoyen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,233(2):554-560
The present work uses 111mCd-perturbed angular correlations of gamma-rays (PAC) to investigate the structure of the metal site of the His117Gly mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin in aqueous solution and the effect on the structure upon addition of the following exogenous ligands: imidazole, 4-methyl imidazole, 1-methyl imidazole, 2-methyl imidazole and histidine. The nuclear quadrupole interaction of cadmium bound to the mutant without addition of exogenous ligands shows a strong pH dependence with three different nuclear quadrupole interactions consistent with two pKa values at about 7.2 and 8.6 at 2 degrees C. Addition of the imidazole derivatives resulted in a significant change in the PAC spectrum showing that they coordinate. This is in accordance with observations by EPR for the same mutant with copper at the metal site [den Blaauwen, T. & Canters, G. W. (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1121-1129]. However, whereas EPR and ultraviolet/visual absorption show that the characteristics of the wild-type copper protein are regained by addition of the imidazole derivatives with the exception of the possible bidentates (histidine and histamine), the comparison of the PAC results to model calculations shows that the cadmium ion must be fourfold coordinated in most cases, probably binding an additional water or hydroxide ligand. A fourfold coordination is in contrast to cadmium-substituted wild-type azurin where PAC data inferred a threefold coordination by a Cys and two His residues [Danielsen, E. Bauer, R., Hemmingsen, L., Andersen. M., Bjerrum, M. J., Butz, T., Tr?ger, W., Canters, G. W., Hoitink, C. W. G., Karlsson, G., Hansson, O. & Messerschmidt, A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 573-580] 相似文献
3.
Successful planning and control of robots strongly depends on the quality of kinematic models, which define mappings between
configuration space (e.g. joint angles) and task space (e.g. Cartesian coordinates of the end effector). Often these models
are predefined, in which case, for example, unforeseen bodily changes may result in unpredictable behavior. We are interested
in a learning approach that can adapt to such changes—be they due to motor or sensory failures, or also due to the flexible
extension of the robot body by, for example, the usage of tools. We focus on learning locally linear forward velocity kinematics
models by means of the neuro-evolution approach XCSF. The algorithm learns self-supervised, executing movements autonomously
by means of goal-babbling. It preserves actuator redundancies, which can be exploited during movement execution to fulfill
current task constraints. For detailed evaluation purposes, we study the performance of XCSF when learning to control an anthropomorphic
seven degrees of freedom arm in simulation. We show that XCSF can learn large forward velocity kinematic mappings autonomously
and rather independently of the task space representation provided. The resulting mapping is highly suitable to resolve redundancies
on the fly during inverse, goal-directed control. 相似文献
4.
Ann-Kathrin Eichelmann George C. Mayne Karen Chiam Steven L. Due Isabell Bastian Frederike Butz Tingting Wang Pamela J. Sykes Nicholas J. Clemons David S. Liu Michael Z. Michael Christos S. Karapetis Richard Hummel David I. Watson Damian J. Hussey 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
TP53 gene mutations occur in 70% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas (OACs). Given the central role of p53 in controlling cellular response to therapy we investigated the role of mutant (mut-) p53 and SLC7A11 in a CRISPR-mediated JH-EsoAd1 TP53 knockout model. Response to 2 Gy irradiation, cisplatin, 5-FU, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen was assessed, followed by a TaqMan OpenArray qPCR screening for differences in miRNA expression. Knockout of mut-p53 resulted in increased chemo- and radioresistance (2 Gy survival fraction: 38% vs. 56%, p < 0.0001) and in altered miRNA expression levels. Target mRNA pathways analyses indicated several potential mechanisms of treatment resistance. SLC7A11 knockdown restored radiosensitivity (2 Gy SF: 46% vs. 73%; p = 0.0239), possibly via enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress. Pathway analysis of the mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs indicated potential involvement in several pathways associated with apoptosis, ribosomes, and p53 signaling pathways. The data suggest that mut-p53 in JH-EsoAd1, despite being classified as non-functional, has some function related to radio- and chemoresistance. The results also highlight the important role of SLC7A11 in cancer metabolism and redox balance and the influence of p53 on these processes. Inhibition of the SLC7A11-glutathione axis may represent a promising approach to overcome resistance associated with mut-p53. 相似文献
5.
Desislava Bögner Frederike Schmachtl Björn Mayr Christopher P. Franz Sabine Strieben Gregor Jaehne 《臭氧:科学与工程》2019,41(2):105-117
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) reduce water consumption by efficient filtration to maintain appropriate levels of accumulating compounds and sludge. Sludge is mechanically separated by drum filters and disposed of to the detriment of overall system water budgets. Dissolved nitrogen compounds are reduced via nitrification–denitrification filters, requiring commercial external carbon sources. The reuse of sludge after ozone pre-treatment may represent the next step in RAS optimization. The present study analyzes the content of sludge from RAS and tests ozonation as a pre-treatment for recycling as carbon source. The dissociative effect of ozone and the physicochemical changes due to ozonation lead to a significant increase in soluble carbon availability. Predominantly long-chain fatty acid (FA) (saturated and unsaturated) with 16 and 18 carbon atoms independently of the treatment were found in the profiles. Saturated FA concentrations in solution increased after 20, 40, and 60 min ozonation. The solid content of the sludge was practically unaffected by ozonation in terms of FA profile: only saturated FA slightly increases after 40 min treatment. The implications of these findings for denitrifying bacteria are discussed.
Abbreviations: Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS); Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) 相似文献
6.
A probabilistic network consists of a dependency structure and corresponding probability tables. The dependency structure is a graphical representation of the conditional independencies that are known to hold in the problem domain. We propose an automated process for constructing the combined dependency structure of a multiagent probabilistic network. Each domain expert supplies any known conditional independency information and not necessarily an explicit dependency structure. Our method determines a succinct representation of all the supplied independency information called a minimal cover. This process involves detecting all inconsistent information and removing all redundant information. A unique dependency structure of the multiagent probabilistic network can be constructed directly from this minimal cover. The main result is that the constructed dependency structure is a perfect-map of the minimal cover. That is, every probabilistic conditional independency logically implied by the minimal cover can be inferred from the dependency structure and every probabilistic conditional independency inferred from the dependency structure is logically implied by the minimal cover 相似文献
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