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1.
The secondary flow within a passage of turbomachinery exhibits a complex flow pattern by the effect of the centrifugal and the Coriolis forces. The passage vortex in this secondary flow generates a major part of the losses. However, the mechanism of the loss generation has not been fully clarified yet. In this point of view, the passage vortex is closely examined by the computational method using the two-dimensional curved square ducts as fundamental models. The inlet boundary layer thickness and the inlet velocity distortion are considered to be the major parameters affecting the generation of passage vortex in the present study. The computed results revealed that the passage vortex gave the predominant effects for the generation of loss not only in the breakdown process but also in the development process. 相似文献
2.
Yusuke Kusuda Kinya Fukuda Masao Matsumura Kazuhisa Hagisawa Gaku Okamoto Tatsuo Nakanishi Yoshiyuki Inoue 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2007,159(4):18-26
Recently, composite insulators have been increasingly employed mainly for economic reasons. We have developed a new type of outdoor termination using a composite insulator, which can be installed horizontally on a steel tower in order to reduce the construction cost. In this outdoor termination, SF6 gas is filled in the composite insulator and a cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit is applied instead of the combined use of a rubber‐molded stress relief cone, epoxy resin insulator and spring unit. The application of the composite insulator, SF6 gas and cold shrinkable premolded rubber unit reduces the total weight and makes it possible to install the termination horizontally on the tower. The new‐type outdoor termination for 77‐kV XLPE cable has already been applied in commercial use and enabled a reduction of the construction costs for power transmission lines. A 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination has been developed and its initial electrical tests were successfully completed. This paper describes the design and performance of both 77‐kV and 154‐kV new‐type outdoor termination, and a follow‐up survey of the 77‐kV new termination in a commercial use. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 18– 26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20511 相似文献
3.
Heat transfer during oscillatory flow in a circular straight tube with a solid‐core tube inserted in its center was numerically simulated. The purpose of the solid‐core tube is to enhance axial heat transfer by increasing the lateral heat transfer effect for high frequency of the oscillatory flow. Simulation results showed that (a) axial heat transfer increases with the increasing diameter of the solid‐core tube, (b) the material of the solid‐core tube does not significantly affect axial heat transfer, and (c) efficiency based on the ratio of heat transfer to the work done is higher than that in a bundle of circular capillary tubes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(1): 61–74, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20094 相似文献
4.
This study measured the frost thickness and frost mass on a flat plate to propose the correlation equations for the local and average frost thickness, frost density, and frost mass. Key parameters were the cooling surface temperature of the flat plate from 258.2 to 268.2 K, absolute humidity of air from 2.98 to 4.16 g/kgDA, air temperature from 273.5 to 280.2 K, and air velocity from 1.0 to 2.5 m/s. A 50% ethylene glycol aqueous solution was used as a coolant. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters such as air temperature, air humidity, air velocity, and surface temperature on the frost thickness and frost mass were experimentally investigated under the heat pump condition. Correlation equations for the local and average frost thickness and frost mass under the heat pump condition were proposed. The values predicted by the correlation equations under the freezer condition were larger by a maximum of 30–50% than the values predicted by the present correlation equations under the heat pump condition. The proposed correlation equations might be applied to the part of the freezer condition. 相似文献
5.
Isomerization of n-hexane and n-heptane was carried out over Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 (denoted by Cs2.5) promoted by Pt which was introduced by either impregnation of H2PtCl6 or mechanical mixing of Pt/Al2O3 and over non-promoted Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 in the presence of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure. The reaction temperature studied was relatively low (typically 453 and
423 K for n-hexane and n-heptane, respectively) and the hydrogen pressure was also rather low (standard conditions: feed = n-alkane 0.05 atm, H2 0.20 atm, N2 balance; W/F = 40 g h mol−1). Results were compared with those obtained under the same conditions for other Pt-promoted solid acids, where particular
attention was paid to the time courses of the reaction (initial vs. stationary performance). Both the activity and selectivity
of Cs2.5 at the initial stage (after 5 min) increased by the addition of the Pt component. Pressure dependencies of the rate
at the initial stage were approximately first and −0.5th orders in alkane and hydrogen, respectively. Most remarkable was
the suppression of the deactivation during the reaction in the presence of both Pt and hydrogen. For example, the mechanical
mixture of Pt/Al2O3 and Cs2.5 (abbreviated as Pt+Cs2.5) showed little deactivation and much improved selectivity; resulting in high stationary
conversion and selectivity; e.g., 98.4 and 92.1% selectivities for n-hexane and n-heptane at the conversions of 58.6 and 39.4%, respectively. Most of the results were well explained by a classical bifunctional
mechanism, although other mechanisms are not all excluded. As for the other solid acids, the initial activity of Pt-promoted
SO4/ZrO2 was high, but decreased rapidly. The deactivation was small with Pt-promoted H-ZSM-5, but the activity was low. The stationary
yields of isomerized products were higher for Pt-promoted beta zeolite and Al-pillared saponite (tested only for n-heptane), although higher reaction temperatures were necessary.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Gaku Yamanaka Shinichiro Morichi Tomoko Takamatsu Yusuke Watanabe Shinji Suzuki Yu Ishida Shingo Oana Takashi Yamazaki Fuyuko Takata Hisashi Kawashima 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the pathogenesis of epilepsy is linked to neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Peripheral immune cell invasion into the brain, along with these responses, is implicitly involved in epilepsy. This review explored the current literature on the association between the peripheral and central nervous systems in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and highlights novel research directions for therapeutic interventions targeting these reactions. Previous experimental and human studies have demonstrated the activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the brain. The time required for monocytes (responsible for innate immunity) and T cells (involved in acquired immunity) to invade the central nervous system after a seizure varies. Moreover, the time between the leakage associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) failure and the infiltration of these cells varies. This suggests that cell infiltration is not merely a secondary disruptive event associated with BBB failure, but also a non-disruptive event facilitated by various mediators produced by the neurovascular unit consisting of neurons, perivascular astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, genetic manipulation has enabled the differentiation between peripheral monocytes and resident microglia, which was previously considered difficult. Thus, the evidence suggests that peripheral monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of seizures. 相似文献
7.
Kei Maeda Gaku Okuma Satoshi Yoshida Fumihiro Wakai Akihisa Takeuchi Masayuki Uesugi Shun Yanagioka Shun Matsunuma Shingo Machida Atsuo Yasumori 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2023,106(12):7440-7448
Contact damage in materials is critical in engineering applications because it influences mechanical resistance, such as wear, erosion, and impact failure. Indentation tests were performed using a tungsten carbide ball indenter (Hertzian contact) on the surfaces of glass–ceramics containing hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 or mica crystals (fluorophlogopite), both of which have a layered structure. The stress–strain relation and the permanent deformation on the surface, as well as the observation of the microcrack zone by X-ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation, revealed that the glass–ceramic with hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 showed ductility similar to the quasi-plastic behavior previously observed in the mica glass–ceramic. The yield stresses of the glass–ceramics were estimated from the stress deviating from the stress–strain relation assuming complete elastic response between the ball and the sample. The ratio of the yield stress to Young modulus (Y/E) of the glass–ceramic with hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 was determined to be higher than that of the mica glass–ceramic. 相似文献
8.
Gaku Okuma Masaya Endo Haruki Minagawa Ryo Inoue Hideki Kakisawa Takuma Kohata Toshio Osada Takafumi Yamamoto Masaki Azuma Akihisa Takeuchi Masayuki Uesugi Olivier Guillon Fumihiro Wakai 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2023,25(18):2201534
The mechanical reliability of products must be assured for scaling up and production of complex-shaped components by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of spray-dried granules. The evolution of morphologies of pores and defects, which control the mechanical strength, is investigated by using synchrotron X-ray multiscale tomography during SPS of alumina granules at 1300 °C. While large defects arising from the hierarchical granule packing structure cannot be removed by pressureless sintering, crack-like defects and branched rodlike defects are almost eliminated by SPS at stresses higher than 30 and 50 MPa, respectively. But, small ellipsoidal porous regions, which may arise from aggregates or dimples of granules, cannot be removed even at a pressure of 50 MPa. A very large defect is also found by using micro-CT. It is supposed that this defect is formed from a large void in loosely packed granules. The shrinkage of large voids and the elimination of crack-like defects are explained by the theoretical prediction based on the continuum theory of sintering. 相似文献
9.
Stokes radii of V(IV) and V(V) species in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions were determined from their diffusion limited current densities on a rotating platinum disk electrode and the solution viscosity. In addition, V(IV) and V(V) species were estimated based on their solubility, UV-Vis spectra, and cyclic voltammetric data. The possible ion-pair formation of V(IV) cation with SO42− and/or HSO4− and the spontaneous polymerization of V(V) at a low H2SO4 concentration were discussed. 相似文献
10.
The extended session on Biological Evaluations with Carbon Nanotubes was held on 18 July, 2008 in Nagano as a part of the International Carbon 2008 Conference. During this session researchers and regulators discussed recent publications that have shown significant hazards of carbon nanotubes in animal models and have received wide coverage in the lay press. The discussion focused on significance and interpretation of the data, their meaning to further development, and prevention of exposure at the workplace. The paper of Poland et al was presented and detailed by Dr. Duffin, a senior researcher at the ELEGI-COLT lab at Edinburgh University (UK). Dr. Takagi and his team did not share our discussion although they were invited to do so. 相似文献