Structure–phase state of the surface layers in rails subjected to differential hardening

A layer-by-layer analysis of the structures, the phase compositions, and the defect substructures of differentially hardened rails has been carried by optical and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the material volume of the rail head fillet is cooled faster than the volume located along the central axis.     

Chemicothermal treatment of 5KhNM die steel

Conclusions Of all of the tested forms of hardening with chemicothermal treatment single-phase boriding and chrome-vanadizing provide the best combination of service properties of 5KhNM steel.Kemerovo Technological Institute for the Food Industry. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 7–8, May, 1991.     

Synthesis of Complex Oxides of Rare Elements of Groups IV and V (A Review)

The prospects of using various methods of synthesis for producing extra-pure complex oxides of alkali and bivalent elements with rare elements of groups IV and V of precisely prescribed chemical and granulometric compositions are analyzed. It is demonstrated that only the sol-gel method with inorganic precursors yields nanosize powders of narrow granulometric classes. Epitaxial coatings based on complex oxides can be synthesized by the sol-gel method using organic precursors or true solutions of reactant components. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 8, pp. 14 – 18, August, 2005.     

Ionizing-Radiation Response of the GaAs/(Al, Ga)As PHEMT: A Comparison of Gamma- and X-ray Results

An experiment is reported on the effect of ⁶⁰Co gamma rays or 45-keV x-ray photons on the GaAs/(Al, Ga)As PHEMT. It is shown that x-ray treatment can improve the dc performance of the device in some cases. This finding is attributed in part to the annealing or modification of DX centers.