Rotor Position Estimation for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines using Electromotive Force and Anisotropy Using Extended-Kalman-Filter

In this paper a new rotor position observer for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) based on an Extended-Kalman-Filter (EKF) is presented. With this method, just one single EKF is sufficent to evaluate the position information from electromotive force (EMF) and anisotropy. Thus, the PMSM can be controlled for the entire speed range without a position sensor and without the need to switch or synchronize between different observers. The approach covers online estimation of permanent magnetic field and mechanical load. The resulting EKF-based rotor position estimator is embedded in the existing cascaded control concept of the PMSM without need of additional angle trackers or signal filters. The experimental validation for the position sensorless control shows optimized dynamic behaviour.

     

Bifunctional Catalyst Control of Alkene Isomerization

The ability to control the formation and chemistry of alkenes is of central importance to organic synthesis in both industry and academia. Progress in using catalysts with bifunctional (heteroaryl)phosphines to control positional and/or geometric selectivity in alkene isomerization and related chemistry is summarized.     

Bifunctional Catalyst Control of Alkene Isomerization

The ability to control the formation and chemistry of alkenes is of central importance to organic synthesis in both industry and academia. Progress in using catalysts with bifunctional (heteroaryl)phosphines to control positional and/or geometric selectivity in alkene isomerization and related chemistry is summarized.

     

Catalysis of Selective Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange at Allylic Positions Using Deuterium Oxide

Deuterated organic compounds can be prepared efficiently and cost effectively by the direct exchange of a hydrogen atom by a deuterium atom on a carbon center rather than classical synthetic procedures. H/D exchange is achieved at allylic positions of alkenes catalyzed by alkene isomerization catalyst 1. An outstanding degree of deuteration is achieved at positions accessible by isomerization in homogeneous and biphasic reaction settings.     

Quo vadis Anionenextraktion?

Quo Vadis Anion Extraction? Reactive extraction processes represent efficient and smart technologies for separation and concentration of metal ions in solution. Despite the importance of anions in biology, medicine, environment and industry, practical examples of anion extraction are relatively limited compared to metal ion separation. Anion extraction processes are mainly based on the non‐specific ion‐pair formation with hydrophobic ammonium cations. In these processes the phase transfer of anions is dominated by their lipophilicity. The specific characteristics of anions in comparison to those of cations are closely connected to the difference in extraction processes for the two ion types. Novel approaches for specific binding and selective transport of anionic components are based both on the better understanding of the biological role of anions and on the possibilities of supramolecular chemistry to built up receptor architectures with complementary binding modes for anions. In the given review the authors discuss present research tendencies and application possibilities of new extractant types for separation and concentration of anionic species in solution.     

New Insights on Kinetic Versus Thermodynamic Ratios in Catalyzed Alkene Isomerization

The unusual reactivity of novel bifunctional catalyst 1 in the selective isomerization of alkenes under mild conditions is reported. A variety of alkenes are converted to the (E)-isomer in excellent yield with low catalytic loading. Recent findings indicate that the reaction catalyzed by 1 is reversible, resulting in unusual kinetically controlled mixtures very rich in (E)-products.     

Synthesis,Characterization, Reactivity of η 3-allylPd(L)(X), Where X = Cl and L = Imidazolylphosphine and Their Application in Aryl Amination Reactions

Synthesis of new mono-(imidazolylphosphine) palladium chloride complexes is reported. Imidazolyl phosphines reacted with allypalladium chloride dimer to form monophosphine palladium(II) complexes. Some of these complexes readily ionize to form stable square planar complexes in which the heterocyclic nitrogen coordinates to Pd, whereas in other cases, the acidity of the N–H proton was explored. Finally, activity of complexes as catalysts for aryl amination reactions was also investigated.