Design and synthesis of side-chain optimized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) as proton exchange membrane for fuel cell applications: Balancing the water-resistance and the sulfonation degree

Side-chain optimized poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-g-poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PPO-g-PSSA) is designed with balanced water-resistance and sulfonation degree. The PPO-g-PSSA is synthesized by controlled atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from brominated poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO-xBr) and ethyl styrene-4-sulfonate and followed by hydrolysis. A series of PPO-g-PSSA are prepared possessing different bromination degree (x) of PPO-xBr and polymerization degree (m) of the side-chains and the water-resistances of the fabricated membranes are investigated. The results show that a PPO-g-PSSA at relatively low x (x < 0.2) and high m (m > 4) exhibits good balance between the water-resistance and the sulfonation degree. Namely, it displays suitable proton conductivity with compromised water-resistance. Moreover, a maximum ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 3.24 mmol g^?1 is reached without the sacrifice of water-resistance. In addition, PPO-g-0.08PSSA-13 and PPO-g-0.14PSSA-4 are chosen characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, proton conductivities and mechanical properties. At 90% RH, the optimized PPO-g-0.08PPSA-13 possesses a proton conductivity of 37.9 mS cm^?1 at 40 °C and 45.5 mS cm^?1 at 95 °C, respectively.     

PVP-assisted Sn-Ti microspheres for the efficient B–V oxidation of cyclohexanone

Journal of Porous Materials - New Sn-Ti microspheres were first successfully synthesized by a PVP-assisted sol-gel method in this paper, and their performance in the B–V oxidation of...     

Curing process of powdered phenol–formaldehyde resol resins and the role of water in the curing systems

The curing behavior of two kinds of commercial powdered resol phenolic resins was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Liquid‐state ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy was used to aid in understanding the curing behavior by detecting the structure of powdered resins. The reaction mechanism was interpreted with the dependency of activation energy on the degree of conversion. The results indicate that there are differences in the curing mechanism between core and face phenolic resins. The curing process of core resin was faster than that of face resin at the same reaction temperature. The water added in the curing system played an important role of plasticizer or diluent according to different curing stages and water content. In the initial curing stage, water mainly diluted the system and retarded the curing reactions. However, at the higher degrees of conversion, water played the role of plasticizer to decrease the effect of diffusion on the curing reactions to make the curing reactions more complete. The excess water added in the curing system played the role of diluent at almost all stages during the curing process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1371–1378, 2003     

Influence of the synthesis conditions on the curing behavior of phenol–urea–formaldehyde resol resins

The curing behavior of synthesized phenol–urea–formaldehyde (PUF) resol resins with various formaldehyde/urea/phenol ratios was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results indicated that the synthesis parameters, including the urea content, formaldehyde/phenol ratio, and pH value, had a combined effect on the curing behavior. The pH value played an important role in affecting the shape of the DSC curing curves, the activation energy, and the reaction rate constant. Depending on the pH value, one or two peaks could appear in the DSC curve. The activation energy was lower when pH was below 11. The reaction rate constant increased with an increase in the pH value at both low and high temperatures. The urea content and formaldehyde/phenol ratio had no significant influence on the activation energy and rate constant. DMA showed that both the gel point and tan δ peak temperature (T_tanδ) had the lowest values in the mid‐pH range for the PUF resins. A different trend was observed for the phenol–formaldehyde resin without the urea component. Instead, the gel point and T_tanδ decreased monotonically with an increase in the pH value. For the PUF resins, a high urea content or a low formaldehyde/phenol ratio resulted in a high gel point. The effect of the urea content on T_tanδ was bigger than that on the gel point because of the reversible reaction associated with the urea component. Too much formaldehyde could lead to more reversible reactions and a higher T_tanδ value. The effects of the synthesis conditions on the rigidity of the cured network were complex for the PUF resins. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 1368–1375, 2005     

自然循环锅炉汽包寿命计算及影响因素分析

文中叙述了汽包寿命的计算方法，并针对各种运行工况计算出寿命消耗量，根据理论计算结果分析影响汽包寿命的主要因素，提出了增加汽包寿命的方法。     

数字化射线检测技术在船舶领域的应用

随着数字射线检测技术的不断发展,CR与DR数字射线检测技术以其检测灵敏度高、检测速度快及底片数据电子化存储等优势越来越广泛地应用于各行业中。针对船舶行业射线检测的主要检测对象(钢板对接焊缝、管路对接焊缝),开展了CR数字射线检测技术等价性评价、典型裂纹试验,以及基于不同种类射线装置的DR数字射线检测工艺试验,验证了数字化射线检测技术在船舶领域应用的适用性。     

An Efficient SCF-PEKS Without Random Oracle Under Simple Assumption

The Public key encryption scheme with keyword search (PEKS), firstly put forward by Boneh et al., can achieve the keyword searching without revealing any information of the initial data. However, the original PEKS scheme was required to construct a secure channel, which was usually expensive. Aimed at resolving this problem, Baek et al. put forward an improved scheme, which tried to construct a Secure channel free PEKS (SCF-PEKS). Subsequently, several SCF-PEKS schemes were proposed, however most of them turned out only secure in the random oracle model, which possibly lead to the construction of insecure schemes. Therefore, Fang et al. put forward an enhanced SCF-PEKS construction, which was provably secure in the standard model, however this construction needed a strong and complicated assumption. Then Yang et al. put forward an SCF-PEKS construction under simple assumption, but their construction had a big reduction in efficiency. In this article, we propose an SCF-PEKS construction, which is provably secure under the same assumption as that of Yang et al.'s scheme, however, with better performance. Then we give its full security proof, along with the performance analysis. Finally, we improve the SCF-PEKS construction to resist Keyword guessing attack (KGA) and give its security demonstration.     

某矿不同级配尾砂强度影响规律及其优化研究

尾砂级配是影响充填体强度的重要因素之一,某矿因磨矿细度越来越小、级配不合理导致充填质量较差,因此以该矿全尾砂为原材料,开展不同级配尾砂充填体强度配比试验,并对其进行优化。推荐该矿尾砂级配为：+100目占比30%,-100～+200目占比30%,-200～+400目占比20%,-400目占比20%。下一步将根据试验结果进行技术改造,优化尾砂级配,实现安全高效开采。