The influence of dietary iron on zinc in rat

Cortical bone remodeling rates for rib samples from three archaeological populations and a modern autopsy sample were determined using an algorithm developed by Frost (Frost [1987a] Calcif. Tissue Res. 3:211-237). When plotted against the relative antiquities for population samples, histomorphometric variables; i.e., activation frequency (mu rc), net bone formation (netVf,r,t), and mean annual bone formation rate (Vf,r,t), exhibit a concordant trend of increased cortical bone remodeling activity levels over time. Two intensive foraging populations, Windover and Gibson, are similar for all bone remodeling parameters and have the lowest remodeling activity levels among the samples. The more recent Ledders sample, which is reported to practice agricultural subsistence, is consistently intermediate between these and a modern autopsy sample. Although there appear to be differences in bone formation rates among the populations it is concluded that these differences cannot be attributed to differences in bone remodeling rates among the populations, but rather are reflecting different effective ages of adult compacta for their ribs. These findings suggest that the earlier populations, particularly Windsor and Gibson, appear to have reached skeletal maturity at an older age than observed for modern.     

The importance of structural and gel fractions in determining shear sensitivity of sludge.

Shear sensitivity measurements with variation of ingredients in a synthetic sludge can be related to biosolids' structural properties and particulate amount. The shear sensitivity is primarily controlled by the gel fraction, with alginate and the associated cations increasing the gel-like behavior. However the effect of particulate fraction on shear sensitivity should also be taken into account. Shear sensitivity is thus a complex parameter including two types of response: the resistance to dispersed mass concentration into centrate, and the maintenance of desired strength while the solids concentration increases in the shear field.     

Calcitonin treatment in reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a preliminary study

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is one of the important complications effecting the rehabilitation programmes of hemiplegic patients in a negative manner by causing pain and function loss. In this study, the aim was to investigate the effects of salmon calcitonin treatment in reflex sympathetic dystrophy that develops in hemiplegia. Forty-one patients with hemiplegia resulting from cerebrovascular events and stage 1-2 reflex sympathetic dystrophy were included in the study. Salmon calcitonin, 1 x 100 IU/day intramuscularly for 4 weeks, was administered to 25 of these patients (calcitonin group) to the other 16 patients physiological saline, 1 ml/day intramuscularly for 4 weeks, was administered (control group). At the end of the fourth week of treatment the pain score of the calcitonin group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Shoulder abduction and external rotation, wrist flexion and metacarpophalangeal extension of the calcitonin group were found to be significantly better than those of the control group. In the calcitonin group the significant decrease in pain and tenderness resulted in improvement of range of motion and motor functions.     

Electricity restructuring in Turkey and the share of wind energy production

This paper presents the current status of Turkey's electricity power sector, efforts for introducing competition in the Turkey's power industry, and concerns with the restructuring in Turkey. Turkey include long-term high-cost agreements, low quality of power, and therefore restrictions for synchronization with UCTE network, increase in the reliance on imported natural gas, and the urgent need for highly qualified staff that would be capable of fast and reliable implementation of ongoing reforms in the electricity sector. The contribution of the exploiting wind energy potential in Turkey to reconstruction of Turkey electricity structure is investigated. The strong development of wind energy in Turkey is expected to continue in the coming years.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of sodium borohydride on metal ad-atom modified Au(111) single crystal electrodes in alkaline solution

The electrochemical oxidation of borohydride was investigated by using various ad-atom modified Au(111) electrodes in alkaline media in comparison to Au(111) single crystal, polycrystalline Au, Pt and Zn electrodes. The catalytic activity of gold towards borohydride oxidation has tended to increase in more alkaline media as reflected in the oxidation peak in the concentration range of NaOH (0.01-2.0 M) studied. Additional shift on the oxidation peak potential of borohydride on Pt and Zn ad-atom modified Au(111) electrodes was observed for both ad-atom modified electrodes to more negative potentials compared to that of bare electrodes, respectively. The ad-atom modified Au(111) electrodes surfaces do not only provide a superior electrical contact, but also accelerates electron transfer as proven by the increase in peak current and positive shift in the peak potential.     

Determination of the quality and purity characteristics of olive oils obtained from different regions of Turkey,depending on climatic changes

Virgin olive oils (VOOs) obtained from olives grown in different regions of Turkey under changing climatic conditions sometimes show different sensory and chemical properties. This study was planned to determine whether these deviations are due to climatic changes or not. For this purpose, five different olive varieties (Ayvalık, Memecik, Gemlik, Nizip Yağlık, Kilis Yağlık) of commercial importance were harvested from the provinces/districts (four different region) where cultivation is intense during the 2017/2018–2020/2021 harvest years. Every year, olive samples were collected from 3 orchards from 13 provinces/districts. One hundred and fifty-six samples were subjected to the purity, quality and sensory analysis. Basic climatic values (average, minimum and maximum temperature, humidity and precipitation) were examined for four consecutive years. All of the examined olive oil samples were determined within the legal limits in terms of fatty acid composition and fatty acid ethyl ester values. However, delta-7-stigmastenol value from the sterol composition was found to be above 0.5% in some samples in all the years studied (total 21 samples). Delta-7-stigmastenol values of olive oil samples varied between 0.16% and 1.14%. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied using a genetic algorithm-based inverse least squares method to determine whether there is a relationship between climate data and delta-7-stigmastenol values. According to this result, it has been determined that the delta-7-stigmastenol value is high when the annual average relative humidity is low and the annual average temperature is high. There is an urgent need to make forward-looking plans due to climate change.     

Photoelectrocatalytic determination of NADH in a flow injection system with electropolymerized methylene blue

It was firstly described that a glassy carbon electrode electropolymerized with methylene blue shows an efficient photoelectrocatalytic activity towards NADH oxidation in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). In order to perform the photoelectrocatalytic determination of NADH in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system, a home-made flow electrochemical cell with a suitable transparent window for the irradiation of the electrode surface was constructed. The currents obtained from the photoamperometric measurements in the FIA system at optimum conditions (flow rate of carrier solution, 1.3 mL min⁻¹; transmission tubing length, 10 cm; injection volume, 100 μL; and constant applied potential, +150 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) were linearly dependent on the NADH concentration and linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁷–2.0 × 10⁻⁴ M. The detection limit was found to be 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ M for photoamperometric determination of NADH.     

In vitro dynamic swelling behaviors of polyhydroxamic acid hydrogels in the simulated physiological body fluids

Summary Influence of some simulated physiological body fluids on the dynamic swelling behaviour of polyelectrolytic hydroxamic acid hydrogels (PHA) was investigated at 37 °C in vitro. The simulated physiological body fluids are distilled water, human sera, physiological saline (0.89 % NaCl), isoosmotic phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, gastric fluid at pH 1. 1, (gylicine-HCl buffer), urea (0.3 mol L⁻¹), and the aquatic solutions of K₂HPO₄ and KNO₃ (the sources of K+). The values of equilibrium swelling of PHA hydrogels varied in the range of 130–4625%, while the values of equilibrium fluid content of the hydrogels varied in the range of 57–97%. The initial rate of swelling, diffusional exponent, and, diffusion coefficient were calculated using swelling kinetics data. Diffusion of the fluids into the hydrogel was found to be non-Fickian character. The diffusion coefficients of the hydrogel varied between 0.6×10⁻⁶– 8.1×10⁻⁶ cm² s⁻¹. Received: 15 March 2000/Accepted: 18 December 2000     

Comparison of the structural and magnetic properties of submicron barium hexaferrite powders prepared by molten salt and solid state calcination routes

The effect of crystallinity and particle morphology of the submicron barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) powders on the magnetic properties was investigated on powders synthesized by solid-state calcination (BHF-c) and molten salt synthesis (BHF-m) methods. Solid-state calcination route was found to yield agglomerated powders with poor crystallinity, whereas molten salt synthesis resulted in well crystallized powders with an anisometric morphology. The saturation magnetization of the BHF-m and BHF-c samples is 59 emu/g, and 56 emu/g at 300 K, and 90 emu/g, and 86 emu/g at 10 K. The temperature dependence of magnetization of the BHF-m is higher and the increase in magnetocrystal anisotropy with decreasing temperature is also steeper than that of the BHF-c due to the higher crystallinity. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, K, calculated from the Stoner–Wohlfarth theory, of the BHF-m and BHF-c powders is 14.24 and 10.14 HA²/kg, respectively. The higher effective anisotropy, K_eff of the BHF-m is also confirmed through ferromagnetic resonance measurements. In conclusion, the higher crystallinity, slightly higher particle size and anisometric morphology of the BHF-m particles translated into higher magnetic properties and magnetocrystalline anisotropy.     

Binding of some dyes onto crosslinked poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone)

Summary Bindings of some anionic dyes containing sulfonyl group(s), namely, Acid Blue 74 (AB-74), Acid Orange 7 (AO-7), Acid Green 1 (AG-1), Direct Blue 53 (DB-53), and Calconcarboxylic acid (CCA) onto crosslinked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (CPVP) have been investigated using adsorption isotherm parameter. The dyes were linked positively charged on the tertiary nitrogen atom on the pyrrolidone ring in polymer chain resulting keto-enol tautomerism from sulfonyl group on the benzene ring in the dyes molecules. In the experiments of adsorption, L (Langmuir) type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found. Monolayer coverages (n) of polymer/dye system were founds by "B point" methods. Adsorption studies indicated that monolayer coverages of CPVP by the anionic dyes containing sulfonyl group(s) were increased with following order; CCA > AG-1 >> DB-53 > AO-7 > AB-74. Received: 10 April 2000/Revised version: 26 May 2000/Accepted: 6 June 2000