Emulsion Stabilization by Maillard-type Covalent Complex of Plasma Protein with Galactomannan

Plasma protein was conjugated with galactomannan (GM) in a controlled dry state at 60°C and 79% relative humidity. The covalent attachment of GM to plasma protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and gel chromatography. Emulsifying activity of plasma protein-GM complex was 1.4 times and the emulsion stability of the complex was more than 10 times higher than those of plasma protein. In acidic (pH 3) and salt (0.2M NaCl) systems, the complex showed much more effective emulsifying properties than did commercial emulsifiers. Emulsifying properties of the complex were retained after preheating at 80°C for 30 min. Plasma protein-GM complex prepared by Maillard reaction during heating in a dry state could be used for heat-processed foods as a protein emulsifier.     

Electrolytic Reduction of Heme Proteins: Attempt to Prepare Stable Natural Colorant for Sausage

Metmyoglobin and methemoglobin were subjected to electrolysis in presence or absence of sodium ascorbate and/or sodium nitrite. Products obtained by electrolysis were dependent on conditions. In absence of sodium ascorbate and sodium nitrite, metmyoglobin and methemoglobin were apparently transformed to red colored hydroxymetderivatives by limited electrolysis (50 mA, 5 min) because of increased pH of electrolytes. They were reduced to oxy-derivatives by prolonged electrolysis (100 mA, ?4 hr) at neutral pH, 7.0–7.5. In presence of sodium ascorbate, met-derivatives were reduced to deoxy-derivatives by limited electrolysis (50 mA, 5 min). In presence of both sodium ascorbate and sodium nitrite, stable nitrosyl derivatives were obtained by limited electrolysis, and by prolonged electrolysis (100 mA, ?4 hr) at neutral pH values especially in presence of 1M sucrose. The electrolytically reduced products appreciably increased redness of sausages.     

Methods of parametric non-linear programming

This paper deals with general parametric non-linear programming problems. First, two algorithms are presented to obtain a parametric optimal solution of the problem having a single parameter by reducing it successively to associated problems which contain a smaller number of variables. The reduction is accomplished by partitioning the variables into basic and non-basic, and also by generating a smaller problem from the non-basic variables only. It is shown that the two algorithms are essentially equivalent to each other. Next, this idea is extended to handle a certain class of multi-parametric problems. Finally, computational results of the algorithm are given.     

Multirate digital control design of an optimal regulator via singular perturbation theory

In this paper a multirate digital control design of an optimal regulator is investigated via singular perturbation theory. It is shown that the singularity perturbed continuous-time regulator leads, under slow and fast sampling rates, to two different discrete-time versions. They are decomposed into slow and fast subsystems, and then these solutions are combined in a proper way. Within the framework of such a decomposition-coordination principle, a multirate control design is developed naturally. Furthermore, the problem of the asymptotic stability of a multirate controlled system is investigated and the relationship between the original continuous-time version and the multirate controlled version is discussed.     

Singular perturbation modelling of large-scale systems with multi-time-scale property

The problem is investigated of singular perturbation modelling, which plays an important role in cases of the application of the singular perturbation method to the design and analysis of large-scale systems. In both continuous- and discrete-time versions, modelling concepts based on structural properties are studied, and computer-oriented algorithms are developed. The results of two-time-scale systems are extended to multi-time-scale cases. Furthermore, in order to verify the validity of these studies, some numerical examples are given.     

State feedback controller design of two-time-scale discrete systems via singular perturbation approach

The design of a state feedback controller for a two-time-scale discrete-time system is considered via a two-stage design approach. After discrete-time modelling via slow and fast sampling rates has been discussed, state feedback design approaches for the fast sampling model (i.e. the two-stage design approach and the direct approach) are studied, and the relation between them is clarified. Following these results, the eigenvalue assignment and the stabilizing problems are investigated.     

Preparation of Thorium Carbides

Some factors influencing the formation of thorium carbide from a mixture of thorium dioxide and graphite powder were studied. The effects of the molecular ratio of the reactants, reaction temperature, extrinsic properties (such as surface area, defects, and crystallinity of the materials), and the ambient pressure were examined. The molecular ratio of the reactants gave the most important effect on the composition of the final products. Thorium dicarbide was formed from a mixture having a molecular ratio (C/ThO₂) of more than three and the reaction rate then obeyed the parabolic rate equation. To form thorium monocarbide, it is necessary to use a mixture having a ratio less than four. A tentative explanation of the reaction mechanism of ThC formation is given.     

Demonstration of Loss‐reduction Effect of the Amorphous Cores for Larger‐Capacity Transformers by Trial Manufacture

For the demonstration of feasibility and loss‐reduction effect of the larger‐capacity amorphous core transformers (AMT), this paper proposed the support structure and design method of the iron‐loss reduced amorphous wound cores with a weight of 7 tons. We designed and manufactured 10 MVA single‐phase test model with the cores inserted in a support cage having structures of the stress‐buffered core support, the proof electromagnetic force from the windings, and the stray loss‐reducing shields. The 50%‐loaded total loss of the test model estimated from the calculated and measured results has been reduced by 35% compared with a conventional silicon‐steel core transformer (SST) with the same power capacity.     

Sub-optimal control of discrete regulator problems via time-scale decomposition

The paper investigates an infinite-time discrete regulator problem with a two-time-scale property. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a suboptimal solution, and a near-optimum design method is proposed via the time-scale decomposition approach. The method reduces the system order and has a mode-decoupling property.     

Structural Optimization of Autonomous Energy Networks by Mathematical Programming Techniques

The renewal of conventional energy systems is important countermeasures against global warming effects and natural hazards. A self‐sustainable decentralized energy system is one of the promising solutions for future sustainable and resilient societies. In this paper, a mathematical programming model is formulated and design and utilization of the overall energy network is optimized based on the model, where stationary batteries are equipped. Through some numerical simulation results, the effectiveness and the potential, for example, for clarifying the effect of the batteries, of the proposed model are investigated.