三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐阻燃聚氨酯硬泡

将三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)作为阻燃剂,采用一步全水发泡法,制备一系列硬质聚氨酯泡沫/三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐复合材料(RPUF/MCA),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、极限氧指数(LOI)、UL-94垂直燃烧、烟密度测试、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)及拉曼光谱表征,研究了MCA对硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)泡孔结构、热稳定性、阻燃性及燃烧烟气密度的影响。研究表明,MCA能够显著提高RPUF/MCA的阻燃性能,30份的MCA使RPUF/MCA30达到UL-94 V-1级别,极限氧指数达到22.0%。热重测试结果表明,MCA的添加使成炭率降低;同时发现,MCA的添加降低了RPUF/MCA泡沫复合材料的初始热分解温度和复合材料的燃烧烟气密度,有效地提高了复合材料火灾安全性能。     

基于计划值理论的互联网专线投资管理策略研究

计划值管理是一种有计划、高效率支撑企业生产运营的独特管理模式。借鉴其在钢铁行业成功应用的经验,结合互联网专线业务的特点,将计划值理论引入通信企业互联网专线投资管理工作中,构建科学、合理、灵活的互联网专线计划值管理指标体系。     

Preparation of a self‐compatibility alloy via a seed‐graft concentrated‐emulsion pathway

A novel polymerization procedure, the concentrated‐emulsion graft polymerization of styrene monomer with poly(butyl acrylate) seed, was proposed for the production of a self‐compatibility macromolecule alloy. The effects of the butyl acrylate content, sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, and polymerization temperature on the graft ratio were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and impact strength were used to characterize the microstructure and mechanical performance of the self‐compatibility macromolecule alloy. The results showed that increasing the butyl acrylate content, reducing the sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, and improving the polymerization temperature all favored an increased graft ratio, which resulted in increased impact strength of the self‐compatibility macromolecule alloy. Therefore, the concentrated‐emulsion polymerization method is particularly suitable for seed‐graft polymerization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2915–2920, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10288     

Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition Patterning Nitrogen-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Shape Tailorable and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitors

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) as high-power density energy storage units are designed to meet the booming development of flexible electronics, requiring simple and fast fabrication technology. Herein, a fast and direct solvent-free patterning method is reported to fabricate shape-tailorable and flexible MSCs by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). The nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (N-SWCNTs) are directly deposited on a patterned filter by FCCVD with designable patterns and facilely dry-transferred on versatile substrates. The obtained MSCs deliver an excellent areal capacitance of 3.6 mF cm⁻² and volumetric capacitance of 98.6 F cm⁻³ at a scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹ along with excellent long-term cycle stability over 125 000 circles. Furthermore, the MSCs show good performance uniformity, which can be readily integrated via connection in parallel or series to deliver a stable high voltage (4 V with five serially connected devices) and large capacitance (5.1 mF with five parallel devices) at a scan rate of 100 mV s⁻¹, enabling powering the light emitting displays. Therefore, this method blazes the trail of directly preparing flexible, shape-customizable, and high-performance MSCs.     

基于实时电价响应的电动出租车充电负荷优化策略

与电动私家车相比,电动出租车充电负荷高得多且难以预测。因此电动出租车不可控的充电负荷可能会给配电系统带来巨大且无法预测的峰值,并造成严重损害。为解决该问题,本文提出了一种基于实时电价响应的电动出租车充电负荷优化策略,该策略可以有效调节充电负荷用来跟踪给定的负荷曲线。策略设计包括三个步骤,首先根据应用场景,简化电动出租车最佳充电决策。然后,提出了两种充电负荷聚合模型,分别描述了充电决策和实时电价之间的关系,以及充电决策和总电量之间的关系。最后,提出了一种有效的在线估计方法来计算适当的实时电价,以使充电负荷跟踪目标负荷,作为对价格的响应。仿真结果验证了所提策略的有效性。     

Spoilage of refrigerated (4 °C) Litopenaeus vannamei: cooperation between Shewanella species and contribution of cyclo‐(L‐Pro‐L‐Leu)‐dependent quorum sensing

The spoilage potential of Shewanella putrefaciens and S. baltica isolated from spoiled refrigerated Litopenaeus vannamei was evaluated by in vitro assays for trimethylamine oxide reduction, extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation, and in vivo inoculation into surface‐sterilised shrimp followed by microbial, biochemical and sensory analyses during storage for 5 days at 4 °C. S. baltica displayed higher spoilage potential than S. putrefaciens both in vitro and in vivo. Shrimp co‐inoculated with them had one‐day shorter shelf life than those mono‐inoculated, based on the results of bacterial density, volatile base nitrogen, trimethylamine, volatile organic compounds and sensory analysis, which strongly suggests cooperation of Shewanella species in shrimp spoilage. Exogenous cyclo‐(L‐Pro‐L‐Leu) boosted bacterial growth, extracellular protease and collagenase activities, and biofilm formation of S. putrefaciens and S. baltica at least before they entered the stationary phase, indicating that cyclo‐(L‐Pro‐L‐Leu)‐dependent quorum sensing, a recently suggested communication mechanism between them, contributes to the cooperation.     

基于偶极横波测井资料预测储层压裂缝几何参数

利用偶极横波测井资料算出泊松比、弹性模量和最小水平主应力等岩石力学参数,基于IVERSON模型首先估算射孔层段压裂缝延伸高度,通过工区储层各向异性系数与裂缝宽度的回归关系估算裂缝宽度,根据椭球体积模型并结合压裂液的利用率及加砂量估算裂缝的径向延伸长度。将该方法优化编程,用于处理工区压裂前后井的测井资料,对比分析预测结果与实际压裂效果,两者较为一致,表明该方法效果明显,值得推广应用。     

五剑杆织机引纬机构创新设计及优化

为解决现有矿山机械输送带易失效损坏,其骨架织物织造效率低、纬纱张力不均及高速时剑杆振动易脱针等缺陷,研发了五剑杆织机.对五剑杆织机中引纬机构进行研究,设计了新型五剑杆引纬工艺,基于五剑杆引纬工艺设计了引纬机构和5层纬纱张力均匀装置,并利用ANSYS Workbench软件对关键部件剑杆的刚度及强度进行有限元分析,基于响应面法,以剑杆的最大变形为优化目标,对剑杆结构参数进行优化设计,最后在Adams软件中进行运动学仿真得到其运动曲线.结果表明:剑杆内径d1和外径D2对最大变形和最大应力敏感度最高.优化方案相较原方案最大变形减小了22.8％,最大应力减小了21.9％,仿真结果表明剑杆在中后期振动较大、振动幅值在允许范围之内.该设计与所得结果可为多剑杆织机的研发提供借鉴与参考.     

建筑在建成环境之中——德卡洛和乌尔比诺大学教育学院的实践

以意大利建筑师德卡洛在乌尔比诺大学教育学院的建筑实践为案例,阐述了他对建成环境的精细＂阅读＂,以及为满足当代使用需求而进行的实验性设计。教育学院复杂的空间形式背后,是德卡洛对一个最基本建筑问题的思考和回答——在建成环境中建筑的方法。这个案例是理解德卡洛等一代意大利理性主义建筑师干预建成环境的重要范例。     

正火预处理对高速犁用28MnB5钢组织及力学性能的影响

为解决现有国产高速犁入土部件存在强韧性不足的问题,研究了正火-淬火-回火(N-Q-T)工艺对28MnB5钢微观组织与力学性能的影响机制,并与现有淬火-回火(Q-T)工艺生产的高速犁入土部件进行了对比。结果表明,N-Q-T态和Q-T态28MnB5钢的组织均以板条马氏体为主,N-Q-T态的马氏体板条平均宽度(0.9μm)显著低于Q-T态(1.5μm),且N-Q-T态的强度和韧性均显著高于Q-T态。基于Hall-Petch关系进一步分析可知,板条马氏体细化是导致N-Q-T态28MnB5钢强度提升的主要原因。同时,N-Q-T态28MnB5钢的板条马氏体细化也导致其大角度晶界占比(34.9%)显著高于Q-T态(25.1%),有助于产生更多的残留奥氏体来抑制裂纹的扩展,从而间接地提高韧性。