Scoring- und beidseitige Due-Diligence-Prozesse im Rahmen der Lieferantenauswahl beim Infrastrukturoutsourcing

Scoring and double-sided due diligence processes employed with vendor selection for IT infrastructure outsourcing Outsourcing opens the procurement of semi-finished products from business partners that are able to provide the respective processes in the required quality but at lower prices, e. g. because of bundling effects and specialization advantages. In particular, services that are not based on core-processes of an enterprise are well-suited for outsourcing. The evaluation of IT service outsourcing is difficult, because of its strategic position in enterprises. Against this background, this article describes a method to select a suitable vendor for IT infrastructure outsourcing employing scoring and double-sided due diligence processes. Our findings are based on experiences when selecting the vendor for outsourcing the European Information Technology Infrastructure (IT/I) area of the Deutsche Bank AG.     

Effects of stochastic energy prices on long-term energy-economic scenarios

In view of the currently observed energy prices, recent price scenarios, which have been very moderate until 2004, also tend to favor high future energy prices. Having a large impact on energy-economic scenarios, we incorporate uncertain energy prices into an energy systems model by including a stochastic risk function. Energy systems models are frequently used to aid scenario analysis in energy-related studies. The impact of uncertain energy prices on the supply structures and the interaction with measures in the demand sectors is the focus of the present paper.

For the illustration of the methodological approach, scenarios for four EU countries are presented. Including the stochastic risk function, elements of high energy price scenarios can be found in scenarios with a moderate future development of energy prices. In contrast to scenarios with stochastic investment costs for a limited number of technologies, the inclusion of stochastic energy prices directly affects all parts of the energy system. Robust elements of hedging strategies include increasing utilization of domestic energy carriers, the use of CHP and district heat and the application of additional energy-saving measures in the end-use sectors. Region-specific technology portfolios, i.e., different hedging options, can cause growing energy exchange between the regions in comparison with the deterministic case.     

塑料电镀Ⅳ--金属化学沉积

采用金属的无电流沉积即化学沉积的方法使塑料表面导电以实现后续电镀,这一过程中的化学沉积并非真正“无电”,只不过是利用“内电流”。目前,在塑料上化学沉积金属已经取得工业应用的体系有2种,一种是以甲醛为还原剂的化学镀铜,另一种是硼氰化钾或次磷酸盐为还原剂的化学镀镍。加入不同类型的稳定剂可以避免化学镀溶液的快速分解或者分解不受控制。印制电路板电镀适宜采用化学镀铜,而装饰性塑料电镀,尤其是高质量要求的塑料件则适宜采用操作更简易的化学镀镍作为电镀前的预镀。化学镀层薄而且仅仅能满足后续电镀所需的导电,可以采用高镀速体系。对于高镀速体系,有时候使用附加的专用设备是明智的。     

塑料电镀Ⅰ--塑料电镀的历史与应用,塑料的种类

塑料电镀目前已有许多应用,例如聚合材料镀铬件的使用、当今汽车工业发展对减少车身重量的要求使金属材料的使用受到限制．、而聚合材料较之金属价格更便宜、重量更轻、更易于成型。虽然聚酰胺(尼龙)、聚丙烯(PP)等种类的塑料都是可镀的,但ABS、聚碳酸酯ABS的混合体作为电镀基材则更为常见。世界上第一种聚合材料的出现不过百年历史,塑料工业的发展方兴未艾,其未来将有更广阔的前景。从19世纪50年代末镜子的生产开始,将金属牢固地附着在聚合材料表面的技术由此发展起来。     

塑料电镀Ⅱ--塑料电镀前处理,结合机理

为将金属沉积在聚合材料表面,这种金属必须是可以被沉积在某处（而非它处）,而且金属是附着其上的。希腊哲学家柏拉图甚至也曾谈及这种结合问题。今天,我们已经对影响结合力的因素有所了解,虽然其中大部分还没有得到定量数据。从实验数据可以看出,静电力的影响最大：根据被镀聚合材料的性质,采取特殊的前处理使塑料容易接受电镀过程的第一步,而且使塑料表面与金属间形成有效的结合。虽然有时需要使用如硫酸、铬酸等强腐蚀性的方法处理聚合材料表面,但人们早就开始了探索危害小的环保体系。