Medical displays by using plasma‐beam‐alignment technology

Abstract— Novel anode layer plasma within minimum chamber space was developed for non‐contact alignment process. The plasma‐treated polyimide (PI) surface showed no particle contamination and no micro‐scratches. Surface morphology was investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM), and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The different oxygen‐to‐carbon ratio ([O]/[C] ratio) for XPS spectra indicated a composition change after plasma treatment. Surface pretilt angles were varied from 0 to 2.1° under different plasma exposure times. Finally, a prototype 20.8‐in. QXGA IPS‐mode gray‐scale medical liquid‐crystal display was successfully demonstrated with high contrast ratio, excellent uniformity, and wide viewing angle using this new plasma‐beam‐alignment technique.     

超微颗粒旋风分离与收集器

奈米科技可预期将带动产业革命,奈米粉体制造具有举足轻重的地位,而奈米粉体的分离收集是其中关键步骤.工研院环安中心已研发出超微颗粒旋风分离与收集器,本研究分别以油酸液滴及NaCl固体颗粒为测试微粒,在6 torr及0.455 slpm条件下操作时,100 nm微粒之收集效率＞90%,可有效分离收集奈米粉体以提升制程效率与经济价值.     

Design and test of a miniature hydrogen production reactor integrated with heat supply,fuel vaporization,methanol-steam reforming and carbon monoxide removal unit

This study presents a designed and tested integrated miniature tubular quartz-made reactor for hydrogen (H₂) production. This reactor is composed of two concentric tubes with an overall length of 60 mm and a diameter of 17 mm. The inner tube was designed as the combustor using Pt/Al₂O₃ as the catalyst. The gap between the inner and outer tubes is divided into three sections: a liquid methanol-water vaporizer, a methanol-steam reformer using RP-60 as the catalyst and a carbon monoxide (CO) methanator using Ru/Al₂O₃ as the catalyst. The experimental measurements indicated that this integrated reactor works properly as designed. The methanol conversion, hydrogen production rate and CO concentration were found to increase with an increasing methanol/air flow rate in the combustor and decreases with an increasing methanol/water feed rate to the reformer. The methanator experimental results indicated that the CO conversion and H₂ consumption can be enhanced by increasing the Ru loading. It was also found that the CO methanation depends greatly on the reaction temperature. With a higher reaction temperature, the CO methanation, carbon dioxide (CO₂) methanation, and reversed water gas shift reactions took place simultaneously. CO conversion was found to decrease while H₂ consumption was found to increase. At a lower reaction temperature both the CO conversion and H₂ consumption were found to increase indicating that only CO methanation took place. From the experimental results the maximum methanol conversion, hydrogen yield, and CO conversion achieved were 97%, 2.38, and 70%, respectively. The actual lowest CO concentration and maximum power density based on the reactor volume were 90 ppm and 0.8 kW/L, respectively.     

Microchannel heat sink fabrication with roughened bottom walls

Simple bulk wet anisotropic etching procedures that create roughened microstructures along the bottom walls of microchannel heat sinks are presented. The roughened bottom wall is intended to promote flow disturbance and heat transfer enhancement. The basic principle of this study is to utilize the crystal orientation characteristics of 〈110〉 silicon wafers during etching. We first fabricated the microchannel with vertical sidewalls and a bottom wall with a direction of 〈110〉. An experiment is carried out to show that hexagon-like cavities can be produced on the {110} plane using a mask containing parallelograms. The hexagon-like cavity is produced in the microchannel bottom wall also in 〈110〉 direction. In this way, microchannel heat sinks with roughened bottom walls can be produced.     

Electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency analysis using nanoscale finite-length surface-charged capillaries

Electrokinetic power generation efficiency using a two-dimensional axisymmetrical model is numerically investigated. A finite-length nanoscale surface-charged cylindrical capillary with reservoirs connected at the capillary ends is considered as the physical domain. The Navier–Stokes, Laplace, Poisson, and Nernst–Planck equations are solved simultaneously to obtain the fluid flow, electrical potential, ion concentration and electrical current in the flow field. The energy conversion efficiency predicted using a one-dimensional model assuming an infinitely long channel, Boltzmann ion distribution and equal ionic electrical mobility is also carried out and compared with the two-dimensional result.     

Two-dimensional simulations of ion concentration distribution in microstructural electroforming

A theoretical model is constructed to predict the metal ion concentration distribution during the electroforming of high-aspect-ratio microstructures. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are then performed using COMSOL Multiphysics^TM software to investigate the effect of the processing conditions and the microstructure geometry on the electroforming results. The electroforming outcome is significantly dependent upon the current density and the microstructure aspect ratio, respectively. The simulation results for the electroforming of microstructural posts with an aspect ratio of 10:1 are found to be in good agreement with the analytical solutions.     

Geometrical numerical algorithms for a plasticity model with Armstrong–Frederick kinematic hardening rule under strain and stress controls

In this paper, we approach the numerical integration problem of a plasticity model with the Armstrong–Frederick kinematic hardening rule on back stress through a combination of the techniques of integral representation and geometrical integrator. First, the internal symmetry group of the constitutive model is investigated. Then, we develop two geometrical integrators for strain control and stress control, respectively. These integrators are obtained by a discretization of the integral representation of the constitutive equations and an exponential approximation of the quasilinear differential equations system for the relative stress, which guarantee to retain the consistency condition exactly without the need for any iterations. Some numerical examples are used to assess the performance of the new algorithms. The measures in terms of stress relative errors and also isoerror maps confirm that our schemes are superior to the classical radial return methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光学文字识别系统

复旦789型光学文字识别系统是为专门需要而研制的.其目的是为了直接阅读原稿上的打印的英文字母与特殊符号.它的指标是在阅读速度为每秒100字符的条件下,要求误识率与拒识率均达到10-4(其中还包含了红黑颜色的误分率).由于采用通用型小写英文字母,加上待识文件制作过程为连续自动打印,以致在字符的可分性与印刷质量的扰动上面临复杂的形势.本文涉及的范围是有关识别系统的研制过程与方案的选择.在此基础上提出了一个具有硬软结合的贰级识别的方案.并给出了试验的结果与改进的方向.     

Discrete-vortex simulation of flow over inclined and normal plates

The wake flow behind a normal or an inclined plate is predicted by a discrete-vortex method. The vortex shedding phenomenon at the leading and the trailing edges is simulated by a vorticity creation technique according to the Kutta condition. This approach required that the strengths and locations of discrete vortices just shed from the edges be determined such that their presence in the flow field will offset the potential flow singularities at the edges of the plate.

For gross features in the flow, the current model closely reproduced the measured values of previous experiments. As to the microscopic features in the wake flow, the predictions by the current model compare favorably with the experiments and with the previous solutions also by discrete-vortex simulation. For similar or better solutions, this approach requires about half of the computing time reported by other discrete-vortex approaches.     

On Freedom and Determinism.

Comment in response to Ludwig Immergluck, who, in "Determinism-Freedom in Contemporary Psychology" (American Psychologist, 1964, 19, 270-281), claims that the experience of freedom is a distorted percept, perhaps even an inescapable illusion as it applies to oneself, but that it implies a view of the nature of man that is incompatible with the advancement of science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)