A STUDY OF THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL

The flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal which was collected between 1973-1978 and, stored in the atmospheric conditions was examined In this work. Coal samples were fractioned by wet screening to +0.560 mm, -0.500 + 0.140 mm, -0.140 mm particle sizes and first fraction was ground to -0.560 mm before flotation. Motorin and pine oil which had been heated at 125° C for 5 hours were used ns flotation reagents. The influence of impeller speed, aeration rate, solid concent of the pulp, reagent amounts were examined and optimum values were determined. Increase of the pine oil amount added to the pulp, increased the coal. recovery on the flotation of this oxidized coal.     

The synthesis of tetrahedral bipyridyl metallo-octupoles with large second- and third-order nonlinear optical properties

Two new 4,4′-bis(donor)-6,6′-diphenyl- 2,2′-bipyridine ligands and their corresponding D_2d (Cu^I, Ag^I, Zn^II) octupolar metal complexes were synthesized, and their linear and nonlinear optical properties were investigated. A single crystal X-ray structure was also determined for the bis[4,4′-bis(diethylaminostyryl)-6,6′-diphenyl-bipyridine]copper(I) complex, which revealed a distorded pseudo-tetrahedral geometry. Molecular second-order nonlinear optical properties were determined for the complexes using the Harmonic Light Scatterring technique at 1.91 μm. These metallo-chromophores display large first hyperpolarizabilities β_1.91 in the range of 211-340 × 10⁻³⁰ esu, which increase with the Lewis acidity of the metal ion. The two-photon absorption properties of the bipyridyl ligands and related complexes were determined using either the two-photon emission method for fluorescent compounds or the open aperture Z-scan technique for non emissive ones. The complexes display red-shifted two-photon absorption bands compared to their metal-ion free chromophores, as well as a large increase of the maximum two-photon absorption cross-sections.     

Influence of Polymeric Fiber Reinforcement on Strength Properties of Sand-stabilized Expansive Soil

This paper presents the findings of an experimental study on improvement of strength properties of sand-stabilized expansive soil, reinforced with polymeric fiber which consists of pipe scrap waste obtained as a by-product of construction industry. Sand is mixed in 1:1 ratio with expansive soil forming a stable structure with improved stability. Enhancement of strength properties is provided by the addition of polymeric fiber of 1, 2, and 3% by dry mass, and the results indicated that compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths improved by an optimum amount of 2%. Consequently, an area for recycling this nonbiodegradable waste is also proposed.     

Liquefaction/Solubilization of Low-Rank Turkish Coals by White-Rot Fungus (Phanerochaete chrysosporium)

Microbial coal liquefaction/solubilization of three low-rank Turkish coals (Bursa-Kestelek, Kütahya-Seyitömer and Mu?la-Yata?an lignite) was attempted by using a white-rot fungus (Phanerochaete chrysosporium DSM No. 6909); chemical compositions of the products were investigated. The lignite samples were oxidized by nitric acid under moderate conditions and then oxidized samples were placed on the agar medium of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. FTIR spectra of raw lignites, oxidized lignites and liquid products were recorded, and the acetone-soluble fractions of these samples were identified by GC-MS technique. Results show that the fungus affects the nitro and carboxyl/carbonyl groups in oxidized lignite sample, the liquid products obtained by microbial effects are the mixture of water-soluble compounds, and show limited organic solubility.     

A STUDY OF THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL

ABSTRACT

The flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal which was collected between 1973–1978 and, stored in the atmospheric conditions was examined In this work. Coal samples were fractioned by wet screening to +0.560 mm, ?0.500 + 0.140 mm, ?0.140 mm particle sizes and first fraction was ground to ?0.560 mm before flotation. Motorin and pine oil which had been heated at 125° C for 5 hours were used ns flotation reagents. The influence of impeller speed, aeration rate, solid concent of the pulp, reagent amounts were examined and optimum values were determined. Increase of the pine oil amount added to the pulp, increased the coal. recovery on the flotation of this oxidized coal.     

THE INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OP PINE OIL BY HEATING AND USAGE IN THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL

The effect of heating temperature and time on the efficiency of pine oil was examined in the flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal in this work. Samples were taken from waste heap Amasra Coal which were collected in 1973-1978 and stored in atmospheric conditions. The optimized impeller speed was 1000 rpm, aeration rate was 35 ml/s and solid content of the pulp was 20% in the flotation tests. Motorin was added to the pulp as a collector. The pine oil was heated to 50^°C, 75^°C, 106^°C, 125^°C, 150^°C, 175^°C, 200^°C and used as a frother. The flotation resulta indicated that 125^°C was suitable temperature for heating. Increasing the heating time increased the efficiency of pine oil. The recovery of combustibles also Increased depending on the increase in the amount of oil heated for 5 hours at 125^°C.     

Bio-Liquefaction/Solubilization of Lignitic Humic Acids by White-Rot Fungus (Phanerochaete chrysosporium)

Humic acid samples obtained from lignite were liquefied/solubilized by using white-rot fungus, and chemical characterization of the products was investigated by FTIR and GC-MS techniques. Prior to the microbial treatment, raw lignite was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid separately, and then humic acids were extracted by alkali solution. The prepared humic acid samples were placed on the agar surface of the fungus and liquid products formed by microbial affects were collected. The products were analyzed and the chemical properties were compared. The results show that oxidation agent and oxidation degree affect composition of the liquid products formed by microbial attack.     

A Study on the Composition of Cottonseed Varieties Grown in Turkey and the Characteristics of their Oils

Cottonseed, a by-product of the cultivation of cotton plant, forms a major resource for the production of edible oils in Turkey. In addition, the cottonseed cake that remains after the oil has been extracted comprises a valuable source of protein and is used extensively as an animal foodstuff. In this work, 22 cottonseed samples cultivated in three different cotton growing areas of Turkey and their extracted oils are analysed. In order to assess the effects of climatic and agronomic conditions on the seeds and their oils, the compositions of the seeds of the same variety cultivated in different regions are compared and discussed.     

THE INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OP PINE OIL BY HEATING AND USAGE IN THE FLOTATION OF OXIDIZED AHASRA COAL

ABSTRACT

The effect of heating temperature and time on the efficiency of pine oil was examined in the flotation of oxidized Amasra Coal in this work. Samples were taken from waste heap Amasra Coal which were collected in 1973–1978 and stored in atmospheric conditions. The optimized impeller speed was 1000 rpm, aeration rate was 35 ml/s and solid content of the pulp was 20% in the flotation tests. Motorin was added to the pulp as a collector. The pine oil was heated to 50^°C, 75^°C, 106^°C, 125^°C, 150^°C, 175^°C, 200^°C and used as a frother. The flotation resulta indicated that 125^°C was suitable temperature for heating. Increasing the heating time increased the efficiency of pine oil. The recovery of combustibles also Increased depending on the increase in the amount of oil heated for 5 hours at 125^°C.