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排序方式: 共有529条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
Pavel Strunz Debashis Mukherji Přemysl Beran Ralph Gilles Lukas Karge Michael Hofmann Markus Hoelzel Joachim Rösler Gergely Farkas 《Metals and Materials International》2018,24(5):934-944
An addition of boron largely increases the ductility in polycrystalline high-temperature Co–Re alloys. Therefore, the effect of boron on the alloy structural characteristics is of high importance for the stability of the matrix at operational temperatures. Volume fractions of ε (hexagonal close-packed—hcp), γ (face-centered cubic—fcc) and σ (Cr2Re3 type) phases were measured at ambient and high temperatures (up to 1500 °C) for a boron-containing Co–17Re–23Cr alloy using neutron diffraction. The matrix phase undergoes an allotropic transformation from ε to γ structure at high temperatures, similar to pure cobalt and to the previously investigated, more complex Co–17Re–23Cr–1.2Ta–2.6C alloy. It was determined in this study that the transformation temperature depends on the boron content (0–1000 wt. ppm). Nevertheless, the transformation temperature did not change monotonically with the increase in the boron content but reached a minimum at approximately 200 ppm of boron. A probable reason is the interplay between the amount of boron in the matrix and the amount of σ phase, which binds hcp-stabilizing elements (Cr and Re). Moreover, borides were identified in alloys with high boron content. 相似文献
2.
Istvan S. N. Berkeley 《Minds and Machines》2006,16(4):471-478
Berkeley [Minds Machines 10 (2000) 1] described a methodology that showed the subsymbolic nature of an artificial neural network
system that had been trained on a logic problem, originally described by Bechtel and Abrahamsen [Connectionism and the mind.
Blackwells, Cambridge, MA, 1991]. It was also claimed in the conclusion of this paper that the evidence was suggestive that
the network might, in fact, count as a symbolic system. Dawson and Piercey [Minds Machines 11 (2001) 197] took issue with
this latter claim. They described some lesioning studies that they argued showed that Berkeley’s (2000) conclusions were premature.
In this paper, these lesioning studies are replicated and it is shown that the effects that Dawson and Piercey rely upon for
their argument are merely an artifact of a threshold function they chose to employ. When a threshold function much closer
to that deployed in the original studies is used, the significant effects disappear. 相似文献
3.
4.
The atomistic structure and energies of high-index interphase boundaries are explored using a combination of molecular statics
and dynamics simulations with embedded atom potentials. We investigate planar boundaries between the α2 and γ phases in the Ti−Al system. The class of boundaries considered has a high-index boundary orientation; the orientation
relationship between the α2 and γ phases also is high index, and a set of planes from each phase meet edge to edge at the boundary plane. For the particular
case of a boundary that is commensurate in one direction and coincides with a moiré plane given by the so-called “Δg” diffraction condition, the boundary is not structurally singular, but it is energetically stable and does not appear to
dissociate into other low-energy configurations. Misfit compensating defects are not observed; misfit in directions other
than the commensurate one appears to be distributed uniformly. The boundary energy is evaluated as a function of the orientation
of the boundary plane, and the edge-to-edge (moiré) boundary is found to lie in an energy cusp.
This article is based on a presentation made in the “Hume-Rothery Symposium on Structure and Diffusional Growth Mechanisms
of Irrational Interphase Boundaries,” which occurred during the TMS Winter meeting, March 15–17, 2004, in Charlotte, NC, under
the auspices of the TMS Alloy Phases Committee and the co-sponsorship of the TMS-ASM Phase Transformations Committee. 相似文献
5.
Jacques Esteoule Catherine Istvan 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》1991,43(1):41-46
The compaction of a quartz sand by the modified Proctor test involves the production of fines produced by the breaking of the grains of the sand. This production of fines is measured by the grain size analysis before and after compaction. The adding of clay to the sand diminishes the evolution of the grain size. The process is proportional to the quantity of clay added to the sand. If the dynamic compaction of the Proctor test is substituted by the static compaction, one notes the same occurrences: static or dynamic compaction breaks the grains of sand and the clay added to the sand protects the grains from the breaking induced by the compaction stresses. 相似文献
6.
Cellular plates are constructed from two base plates and an orthogonal grid of stiffeners welded between them. Halved rolled
I-section stiffeners are used for fabrication aspects. The torsional stiffness of cells makes the plate very stiff. In the
case of uniaxial compression the buckling constraint is formulated on the basis of the classic critical stress derived from
the Huber’s equation for orthotropic plates. The cost function contains the cost of material, assembly and welding and is
formulated according to the fabrication sequence. The unknown variables are the base plate thicknesses, height of stiffeners
and numbers of stiffeners in both directions. The cellular plate is lighter and cheaper than the plate stiffened on one side.
The Particle Swarm Optimization and the IOSO techniques are used to find the optimum. PSO contains crazy bird and dynamic
inertia reduction criteria, IOSO is based on a response surface technology. 相似文献
7.
Bruno Gabel Denis Thiéry Vaclav Suchy Frédéric Marion-Poll Peter Hradsky Pavel Farkas 《Journal of chemical ecology》1992,18(5):693-701
The European grapevine moth (EGVM),Lobesia botrana, is a major pest of grapes in Europe. Females are attracted to a nonhost plant: tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.), which is a common weed in Slovakian vineyards. A steam distillate extract of tansy flowers was analyzed by means of a GC-EAG technique to screen constituents detected by the olfactory receptors of EGVM females. From more than 200 GC peaks, nine peaks corresponding to monoterpenoids released an EAG response in more than 70% of the females (N=15):p-cymene,d-limonene,-thujene,-thujone,-thujone, thujyl alcohol, terpinene-4-ol, (Z)-verbenol, and piperitone. The steam distillate of tansy as well as a synthetic blend of identified compounds released consistent attraction in a field cage. The use of nonhost plants and host plant odors in integrated pest management is discussed. 相似文献
8.
The catalytic activity and selectivity of three PdO-MoO3/-Al2O3 catalysts containing about 2% Pd and 2% Mo were studied for the reduction of NO by h2 in the presence of varying amounts of oxygen at temperatures from 50 to 550 °C. The results are compared with those for PdO/-Al2O3, PdO-MoO3/-Al2O3 containing 2% Pd and 20% Mo, and a commercial Pt-Rh catalyst. In the absence of oxygen, the conversion of NO to N2 and N2O is higher on the three catalysts than it is on PdO/-Al2O3 at 500 and 550 °C. In the presence of oxygen, the yields of N2 and N2O are generally lower on two of the PdO-MoO3/-Al2O3 catalysts than on PdO/-Al2O3. 相似文献
9.
The development of adipose tissue in the chick embryo was investigated using two groups of fertile eggs which differed by
1.7-fold in their initial yolk lipid levels. The triacylglycerol content of the subcutaneous adipose depot in both groups
increased dramatically from day 12 of the 21-day embryonic period, attaining a maximal value just prior to hatching. During
this period, the amount of triacylglycerol deposited in the adipose tissue was very highly correlated with the amount of lipid
transferred from the yolk. The triacylglycerol content of the depot was also dependent on the initial yolk lipid content.
During the hatching period, the amount of adipose triacylglycerol remained approximately constant in the group with the higher
initial yolk lipid content but, in the case of the group with the lower initial yolk lipid levels, decreased by approximately
25%. The size distribution of adipocytes isolated from the tissue was determined by computerized image analysis microscopy.
The mean adipocyte diameter increased from approximately 6 to 35 μm between days 12 and 19, irrespective of the initial yolk
content, although development within the eggs with the lower initial yolk content resulted in a decrease in cell size over
the hatching period. Both the triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions of the isolated adipocytes contained substantial
proportions (approximately 6%, w/w) of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at days 12 and 14, and lower levels of this fatty acid at
the later stages. The amount (mg/depot) of DHA in adipose triacylglycerol decreased dramatically over the hatching period.
The amount (mg/brain) of DHA in brain phospholipid increased by more than 5-fold between day 12 of development and hatching.
A possible explanation for the data may be that DHA is preferentially mobilized from adipose tissue in order to deliver the
fatty acid to the developing neural tissues in a form suitable for uptake. 相似文献
10.
Material and fabrication costs are included in the cost function. The fabrication cost is calculated by three formulae relating to the preparation, welding and additional costs. The design constraints are related to bending stresses, the local buckling of ribs due to bending and shear and to the limitation of the plate thicknesses. The local buckling of the compressed face plate elements is considered by an effective width calculation. In the numerical examples, the variables are the plate dimensions and the numbers of ribs in two directions. The optimization is carried out for steel Fe 360 and Fe 510 and for various values of the fabrication cost factor. The computations are performed by using the backtrack discrete combinatorial method, Rosenbrock's Hillclimb method and the FSQP method developed by Zhou and Tits (1992), and the results are compared with each other.Partly presented at the international conference Structural Optimization '93, Rio de Janeiro, August 2–6, 1993. 相似文献