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1.
The present work is to study the possibility for controlled distribution of the impurities when they are decomposed by sulphuric acid to wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum, as well as generating technological conditions for production of clean wet phosphoric acid and its derivatives - phosphoric fertilizers, food phosphates and other phosphoric products.A coefficient of distribution DA is introduced as a general criterion for elements dispersion. The study includes relationships between the weight ratio sulphuric acid/natural phosphate and DA; the period of decomposition and DA; the particle's size content of the natural phosphate and DA. The obtained experimental data and relationships about the influence of the above discussed technological parameters on dispersion of more than 23 elements allow for control of that process in wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum by selecting specific technological conditions. Thus, depending on the requirements of acid's consumers and procedures for secondary processing of phosphogypsum to end-products, a selective decomposition of the natural phosphates to phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum can be carried out with content of the impurities in those products varying in narrow limits. 相似文献
2.
Iván González Sergio Salazar Rogelio Lozano 《Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems》2014,73(1-4):137-155
Nowadays, the chattering problem in sliding mode control is one of the most important points to consider in real-time applications. To address this problem, a real-time robust altitude control scheme is proposed for the efficient performance of a Quad-rotor aircraft system using a continuous sliding mode control. The sensing of altitude measurement sensing is performed by a pressure sensor in order to obtain a robust altitude control of the vehicle in hovering mode both indoor and outdoor. The altitude measurement has the advantage of introducing this state information directly in the closed loop control which should be very useful for achieving robust stabilization of the altitude control. Accordingly, we propose a sliding mode control strategy without chattering. The sliding mode control proposed removes the chattering phenomenon by replacing a sign function with a high-slope saturation function. The control algorithm is derived from the Lyapunov stability theorem. Moreover, we have assumed that the actuators are able to respond quickly and accurately and we have not enforced limits on the control signals for a real-time application. Finally, to verify the satisfactory performance of proposed nonlinear control law, several simulations and experimental results of the Chattering-free sliding mode control for the Quad-rotor aircraft in the presence of bounded disturbances are presented. 相似文献
3.
Alejandro Ávila-Ortega José Pablo Avalos-Hernández Rudy Trejo-Tzab Andrés Iván Oliva Juan Antonio Juárez-Moreno 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(30):50737
Among several oil/water emulsion separation technologies, the utilization of nanoparticle-decorated membranes with diverse functionalities has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly if the antifouling capacity can be improved. In this article, we propose a new membrane based on surface-hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile electrospun membranes and/or decorated with amine-functionalized Si-MCM-41 nanoparticles to be used as oil/water emulsion separation treatment and to determine their antifouling ability. X-Ray photoelectron spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and toluidine blue O assay, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements for oil under water and thermogravimetry were used for characterizing the membranes and an assay of permeability was developed to quantify the diffusion of oil molecules across the electrospun membrane. The electrospun and/or decorated membranes showed an underwater oleophobic wettability, which can separate oil-in-water emulsions with 87% separation efficiency, results of fouling experiments, evaluated in terms of rejection and flux recovery ratio, exhibited good antifouling ability, but the membrane decoration process did not lead to superior outcomes compared with undecorated membranes. 相似文献
4.
Sergio S��nchez Garc��a Ana G��mez Oliva Emilia P��rez Belleboni Iv��n Pau de la Cruz 《International Journal of Information Security》2011,10(6):351-372
At present, many countries allow citizens or entities to interact with the government outside the telematic environment through
a legal representative who is granted powers of representation. However, if the interaction takes place through the Internet,
only primitive mechanisms of representation are available, and these are mainly based on non-dynamic offline processes that
do not enable quick and easy identity delegation. This paper proposes a system of dynamic delegation of identity between two
generic entities that can solve the problem of delegated access to the telematic services provided by public authorities.
The solution herein is based on the generation of a delegation token created from a proxy certificate that allows the delegating
entity to delegate identity to another on the basis of a subset of its attributes as delegator, while also establishing in
the delegation token itself restrictions on the services accessible to the delegated entity and the validity period of delegation.
Further, the paper presents the mechanisms needed to either revoke a delegation token or to check whether a delegation token
has been revoked. Implications for theory and practice and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
5.
6.
G.Vissoliov lv.Grancharov Tsv.Tsvetanov 《等离子体科学和技术》2003,5(6):2039-2050
This paper presents an overview of nanopowders preparation using low-temperature plasma (LTP). LTP with its unique processing capabilities provides an attractive and chemically unspecific route for powder synthesis. Nanopowders such as oxides, nitrides, carbides, catalysts and other nanopowders have been successfully synthesized in LTP reactors based on high intensity arcs, plasma jets and radio-frequency (r. f.) inductively coupled discharges. 相似文献
7.
Iván Cores Gabriel Rodríguez Mará J. martín Patricia González Roberto R. Osorio 《New Generation Computing》2013,31(3):163-185
The execution times of large-scale parallel applications on nowadays multi/many-core systems are usually longer than the mean time between failures. Therefore, parallel applications must tolerate hardware failures to ensure that not all computation done is lost on machine failures. Checkpointing and rollback recovery is one of the most popular techniques to implement fault-tolerant applications. However, checkpointing parallel applications is expensive in terms of computing time, network utilization and storage resources. Thus, current checkpoint-recovery techniques should minimize these costs in order to be useful for large scale systems. In this paper three different and complementary techniques to reduce the size of the checkpoints generated by application-level checkpointing are proposed and implemented. Detailed experimental results obtained on a multicore cluster show the effectiveness of the proposed methods to reduce checkpointing cost. 相似文献
8.
Dynamic modeling of a dual active bridge DC to DC converter with average current control and load‐current feed‐forward 下载免费PDF全文
Javier Guacaneme Gabriel Garcerá Emilio Figueres Iván Patrao Raúl González‐Medina 《International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications》2015,43(10):1311-1332
Bidirectional power flow is needed in many power conversion systems like energy storage systems, regeneration systems, power converters for improvement of the power quality and some DC‐DC applications where bidirectional high power conversion and galvanic isolation are required. The dual active bridge (DAB) is an isolated, high voltage ratio DC‐DC converter suitable for high power density and high power applications, being a key interface between renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. This paper is focused on the modeling and control design of a DC‐DC system with battery storage based on a DAB converter with average current mode control of the output current and output voltage control. The dynamic response of the output voltage to load steps is improved by means of an additional load‐current feed‐forward control loop. An analytical study of the load‐current feed‐forward is presented and validated by means of both simulations and experimental results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
William Albarracín Iván C. Sánchez Raúl Grau José M. Barat 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2011,46(7):1329-1336
Salt is one of the most widely used additives in food industries because of its low cost and varied properties. It has a preservative and antimicrobial effect as a direct consequence of the capacity of sodium chloride to reduce water activity values. In addition, sodium chloride is a flavour enhancer as a consequence of its effect on different biochemical mechanisms. It also has flavour enhancing effects from reducing or enhancing the enzymatic activity of some enzymes responsible for the development of different organoleptic parameters. Trends in sodium chloride use in food industries point to salt replacement or reduction by means of the use of sodium chloride substitutes such as KCl or phosphates; flavour enhancers and the optimisation of the physical form of salt. This trend has arisen as a result of the greater awareness of the negative effects of excess dietary intake of sodium, which has been linked to hypertension and consequently an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The average total daily sodium intake per individual in developed countries is 4–5 g of Na, which is up to 25 times greater than the minimum adult requirement. 相似文献
10.