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排序方式: 共有792条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
JM Maroni DA Oelberg P Pappagianopoulos CA Boucher DM Systrom 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,114(2):457-461
A flow injection hydride atomic absorption spectrometric (FI-HAAS) method was developed for determining selenium in human milk and whole blood after microwave digestion of the sample. The sample (2 mL human milk or 0.25 mL blood) was introduced into the microwave vessel with 1.5 mL HNO3 and 0.25 mL H2O2 and 300 W (4 min) and 600 W (4 min) were applied. The digestion was completed by heating to 140 degrees C (2-3 h). Se (VI) was reduced to Se (IV) with hydrochloric acid. The instrumental conditions for FI-HAAS (concentrations of reducing agent and carrier acid, flow rate of argon carrier gas, and sample volume injected) were optimized. The detection limit of the proposed method was 0.23 ng/mL (assay) or 115 pg Se (absolute) in biological samples (1.15 ng/mL milk, 10.4 ng/mL blood). The precision values were 5.0% for milk and 4.0% for blood. The accuracy was evaluated with 2 reference materials, National Institute of Standards and Technology Non-Fat Milk Powder (found: 104.3 +/- 7.2 ng/g, certified: 110 +/- 10 ng/g) and Whole Blood Seronorm (found: 81 +/- 7.3 ng/mL, reference: 83 +/- 4 ng/mL). The results show the suitability of the method for selenium determination in human milk and whole blood. The method was applied to whole blood samples obtained from pregnant women and to human milk. 相似文献
2.
RK Batra JC Olsen DK Hoganson B Caterson RC Boucher 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,272(18):11736-11743
Gene therapy may be an important adjuvant for treating cancer in the pleural space. The initial results of retroviral gene transfer to cancer cells in malignant pleural effusions revealed that transduction was markedly inhibited, and studies to characterize the inhibitory factor(s) were performed. The inhibition was contained within the soluble, rather than cellular, components of the effusions and was demonstrated with amphotropic, gibbon ape leukemia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus-glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors. After excluding complement proteins, a series of studies identified chondroitin sulfates (CSs) as the inhibitory substances. First, treatment of the effusions with mammalian hyaluronidase or chondroitinases, but not Streptomyces hyaluronidase, abolished the inhibitory activity. Second, addition of exogenous CS glycosaminoglycans mimicked the inhibition observed with pleural effusions. Third, immunoassays and biochemical analyses of malignant pleural effusion specimens revealed CS in relevant concentrations within pleural fluid. Fourth, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans isolated from the effusions inhibited retroviral gene transfer. Analyses of the mechanism of inhibition indicate that the chondroitin sulfates interact with vector in solution rather than at the target cell surface. These results suggest that drainage of the malignant pleural effusion, and perhaps enzymatic pretreatment of the pleural cavity, will be necessary for efficient retroviral vector mediated gene delivery to pleural metastases. 相似文献
3.
Excessive brain iron has been found in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, little information is available about mechanism of iron uptake by different types of brain cells including neurons. In this study, transferrin-bound iron (Tf-Fe) accumulation in the cultured cerebellar granule cell was investigated in vitro. After 5 days of culture, the cells were incubated with 1 microM of double-labelled transferrin (1251-Tf-59Fe) at 37 degrees C for 60 min. The cellular Tf-Fe and transferrin (Tf) uptake was analysed. The result showed (1) Tf uptake by the cells increased rapidly at the first 5 min, reaching its maximum after about 20 min of incubation; (2) Tf-Fe uptake kept increasing in a linear manner during the whole period of incubation; (3) the addition of either NH4Cl or CH3NH2, the blockers of Tf-Fe uptake via inhibiting iron release from Tf within endosomes, decreased the cellular Tf-Fe uptake but had no significant effect on Tf uptake; (4) trypsin and unlabelled Tf-Fe inhibited the uptake rate of Tf-Fe as well as Tf. The results suggested that Tf-Fe transport across the membrane of this type of neuron, much like other mammalian cells, was mediated by Tf-TfR endocytosis. Dysfunction of Tf or TfR would possibly lead to iron irregulation in the brain and consequently cause damage to neuronal functions. 相似文献
4.
Patrick Heymans Quentin Boucher Andreas Classen Arnaud Bourdoux Laurent Demonceau 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2012,14(5):553-566
Software product line engineering seeks to systematise reuse when developing families of similar software systems so as to minimise development time, cost and defects. To realise variability at the code level, product line methods classically advocate usage of inheritance, components, frameworks, aspects or generative techniques. However, these might require unaffordable paradigm shifts for developers if the software was not thought at the outset as a product line. Furthermore, these techniques can be conflicting with a company’s coding practices or external regulations. These concerns were the motivation for the industry–university collaboration described in this paper in which we developed a minimally intrusive coding technique based on tags. The approach was complemented with traceability from code to feature diagrams which were exploited for automated configuration. It is supported by a toolchain and is now in use in the partner company for the development of flight-grade satellite communication software libraries. 相似文献
5.
6.
Delphine Patriarche Emmanuel Ledoux Rgine Simon-Coinon Jean-Luc Michelot Justo Cabrera 《Applied Clay Science》2004,26(1-4):109
Argillites are one of the geological formations studied by IRSN for their confining properties for isolation of radioactive wastes. One of the main objectives is the study of water transport through rocks with very low water content and very low hydraulic conductivity by modeling of natural tracer profiles. This paper presents the protocol developed for and applied to the acquisition of data for chloride content in interstitial water of the Toarcian argillites at the Tournemire site (Southern France). This protocol is based on laboratory diffusion experiments and on modeling. Experimental data obtained during the transient and steady-state parts of diffusion experiments enable, respectively, the assessment of the diffusion coefficient and the determination of Cl concentration in pore water. Using this protocol, profiles with depth for both of these data sets have been acquired along the geological sequence. Taking into account the present knowledge of the geological and hydrogeological history of the Tournemire massif, a conceptual model granting the main role for mass transport to diffusion has been proposed. According to this conceptual model, a one-dimensional numerical model was built for simulating the mass transport of chloride through the sedimentary column, over 53 Ma. The good agreement between experimental data and calculated values for both diffusion coefficients and concentrations of chloride confirms that diffusion is likely the main process for mass transport in the massif. This model was also tested with the deuterium content of interstitial water, applying variable concentrations at the aquifer system boundaries for reflecting the thermal dependency of isotopic composition in precipitation. These simulations also reveal the likely important role of heterogeneities, such as fractures, in the variability of tracer concentrations with regards to a simple diffusion profile. 相似文献
7.
Gigabit home networks represent a key technology to make the Future Internet success a reality. Consumers will require networks to be simple to install, without the need of any new wire and with green consideration. To make this network ubiquitous, seamless and robust, a technology independent MAC layer will ensure its global control and provide connectivities to any number of devices the user wishes to connect to it in any room. In order to make this vision comes true, substantial progress is required in the fields of protocol design and in systems architectures. For this goal, we introduce a new convergence layer denoted inter-MAC, which provides a common infrastructure to the home network, Among the inter-MAC functionalities, we focused the interest on the path selection mechanism including the green aspect. To improve quality of service, reduce energy consumption and radiofrequency devices number, we define a new path selection protocol based on several metrics. We present some preliminary results obtained on an experimental test bed. 相似文献
8.
Hsiao-Hsi Wang Kuan-Ching Li Ssu-Hsuan Lu Chun-Chieh Yang Jean-Luc Gaudiot 《International journal of parallel programming》2008,36(6):521-542
In recent years, cluster computing has been widely investigated and there is no doubt that it can provide a cost-effective
computing infrastructure by aggregating computational power, communication, and storage resources. Moreover, it is also considered
to be a very attractive platform for low-cost supercomputing. Distributed shared memory (DSM) systems utilize the physical
memory of each computing node interconnected in a private network to form a global virtual shared memory. Since this global
shared memory is distributed among the computing nodes, accessing the data located in remote computing nodes is an absolute
necessity. However, this action will result in significant remote memory access latencies which are major sources of overhead
in DSM systems. For these reasons, in order to increase overall system performance and decrease this overhead, a number of
strategies have been devised. Prefetching is one such approach which can reduce latencies, although it always increases the
workload in the home nodes. In this paper, we propose a scheme named Agent Home Scheme. Its most noticeable feature, when compared to other schemes, is that the agent home distributes the workloads of each computing
nodes when sending data. By doing this, we can reduce not only the workload of the home nodes by balancing the workload for
each node, but also the waiting time. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain about 20% higher performance
than the original JIAJIA, about 18% more than History Prefetching Strategy (HPS), and about 10% higher than Effective Prefetch
Strategy (EPS). 相似文献
9.
Dongsoo Kang Chen Liu Jean-Luc Gaudiot 《International journal of parallel programming》2008,36(4):361-385
By executing two or more threads concurrently, Simultaneous MultiThreading (SMT) architectures are able to exploit both Instruction-Level
Parallelism (ILP) and Thread-Level Parallelism (TLP) from the increased number of in-flight instructions that are fetched
from multiple threads. However, due to incorrect control speculations, a significant number of these in-flight instructions
are discarded from the pipelines of SMT processors (which is a direct consequence of these pipelines getting wider and deeper).
Although increasing the accuracy of branch predictors may reduce the number of instructions so discarded from the pipelines,
the prediction accuracy cannot be easily scaled up since aggressive branch prediction schemes strongly depend on the particular
predictability inherently to the application programs. In this paper, we present an efficient thread scheduling mechanism
for SMT processors, called SAFE-T (Speculation-Aware Front-End Throttling): it is easy to implement and allows an SMT processor
to selectively perform speculative execution of threads according to the confidence level on branch predictions, hence preventing
wrong-path instructions from being fetched. SAFE-T provides an average reduction of 57.9% in the number of discarded instructions
and improves the instructions per cycle (IPC) performance by 14.7% on average over the ICOUNT policy across the multi-programmed
workloads we simulate.
This paper is an extended version of the paper, “Speculation Control for Simultaneous Multithreading,” which appeared in the
Proceedings of the 18th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Santa Fe, New Mexico, April 2004. 相似文献
10.
In this paper we design an interval observer for the estimation of unmeasured variables of uncertain bioreactors. The observer is based on a bounded error observer, as proposed in [Lemesle, V., & Gouzé, J.-L. (2005). Hybrid bounded error observers for uncertain bioreactor models. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 27, 311-318], that makes use of a loose approximation of the bacterial kinetics. We first show how to generate guaranteed upper and lower bounds on the state, provided that known intervals for the initial condition and the uncertainties are available. These so-called framers depend on a tuning gain. They can be run in parallel and the envelope provides the best estimate. An optimality criterion is introduced leading to the definition of an optimal observer. We show that this criterion provides directly a gain set containing the best framers. The method is applied to the estimation of the total biomass of an industrial wastewater treatment plant, demonstrating its efficiency. 相似文献