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排序方式: 共有101条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Studied determinants of psychological stress in the workplace to test a 2-step model involving 3 organizational stressors (i.e., quantitative work overload, role conflict, and role ambiguity) and 3 types of resources (i.e., individual, interpersonal, and organizational). 636 full-time employees (mean age 37.5 yrs) of 4 organizations completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic factors, organizational stressors, resources (i.e., locus of control, Type A (coronary prone) behavior, social support from supervisors and colleagues, and decisional latitude), and psychological stress. Interactions among these factors were determined via multiple regression analyses. Several French-language instruments were used, including the Questionnaire on Internal–External Locus of Control in the Workplace (N. Pettersen, 1984) and the Psychiatric Symptom Index (F. W. Ilfeld, 1976). (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Messing Karen Lefrançois Mélanie Saint-Charles Johanne 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》2021,30(2):215-249
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) - Work activity ergonomics (sometimes called francophone ergonomics) draws heavily on observation in order to support transformation of work to arrive at... 相似文献
3.
Anna Kutschenko Selma Staege Karen Grütz Hannes Glaß Norman Kalmbach Thomas Gschwendtberger Lisa M. Henkel Johanne Heine Anne Grünewald Andreas Hermann Philip Seibler Florian Wegner 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Myoclonus-dystonia (DYT-SGCE, formerly DYT11) is characterized by alcohol-sensitive, myoclonic-like appearance of fast dystonic movements. It is caused by mutations in the SGCE gene encoding ε-sarcoglycan leading to a dysfunction of this transmembrane protein, alterations in the cerebello-thalamic pathway and impaired striatal plasticity. To elucidate underlying pathogenic mechanisms, we investigated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from two myoclonus-dystonia patients carrying a heterozygous mutation in the SGCE gene (c.298T>G and c.304C>T with protein changes W100G and R102X) in comparison to two matched healthy control lines. Calcium imaging showed significantly elevated basal intracellular Ca2+ content and lower frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ signals in SGCE MSNs. Blocking of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by verapamil was less efficient in suppressing KCl-induced Ca2+ peaks of SGCE MSNs. Ca2+ amplitudes upon glycine and acetylcholine applications were increased in SGCE MSNs, but not after GABA or glutamate applications. Expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and most ionotropic receptor subunits was not altered. SGCE MSNs showed significantly reduced GABAergic synaptic density. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings displayed elevated amplitudes of miniature postsynaptic currents and action potentials in SGCE MSNs. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for myoclonus-dystonia. 相似文献
4.
This work is a comprehensive study of the effect of extrusion process parameters and formulation on the properties of polypropylene (PP)/short flax fiber composites. The parameters that were varied during the twin‐screw extrusion process were screw configuration, revolutions per minute (rpm), extrusion temperature, and flow rate. The effect of the feeding zone location of cellulosic fiber was also considered. This study investigates the effect of the formulation, cellulosic fiber content, the presence of a coupling agent, and of a reactive additive on composite performance. The composites were characterized in terms of morphology and microstructure, fiber length, rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties. Sensibility to humidity and recyclability were also considered. When compared with as‐received PP, the tensile strength of injection‐molded parts increased with cellulosic content by up to 40 vol %, and the tensile modulus increased 3.5 times when a combination of coupling and reactive agents was used. Exposed to controlled humidity of 50% during 1 year, these composites exhibited a very low level of humidity uptake around 0.85 wt %. The processability of these materials using a cast film line and the mechanical properties of extruded sheets are also presented. Furthermore, these materials demonstrate a good recyclability using injection molding by keeping the integrality of their mechanical properties after five reprocessing cycles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41528. 相似文献
5.
Gaulin C Levac E Ramsay D Dion R Ismaïl J Gingras S Lacroix A 《Journal of food protection》2012,75(5):812-818
The analytical studies used to investigate foodborne outbreak are mostly case-control or retrospective cohort studies. However, these studies can be complex to perform and susceptible to biases. This article addresses basic principles of epidemiology, probability, and the use of case-case design to identify the source of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to raw milk cheese consumption in Quebec, Canada; a small number of cases with the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile were involved. Between 4 December 2008 and 15 January 2009, a cumulative total of 16 E. coli O157:H7 cases with the same PFGE profile were reported to Quebec public health authorities. Among the first six cases reported, three had consumed raw milk cheese from the same producer (cheese A). Raw milk cheese is consumed by about 2 % of the Quebec population. By using the exact probability calculation, it was found that a significantly higher proportion of E. coli O157:H7 cases (with the specific PFGE profile) than expected had consumed cheese A (P < 0.001). These computations were updated during the course of the investigation to include subsequent cases and gave the same results. A case-case study corroborated this result. This article considers alternative statistical and epidemiological approaches to investigate a foodborne outbreak-in particular with an exact probability calculation and case-case comparisons. This approach could offer a fast and inexpensive alternative to regular case-control studies to target public health actions, particularly during a foodborne outbreak. 相似文献
6.
The effects of vitamin E and selenium intake on oxidative stress and plasma lipids in hamsters fed fish oil 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The aim of the present work was to test the effects of large-dose supplementation of vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se),
either singly or in combination, on fish oil (FO)-induced tissue lipid peroxidation and hyperlipidemia. The supplementation
of Se has been shown to lower blood cholesterol and increase tissue concentrations of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH); however,
the effects of Se supplementation, either alone or in combination with supplemental Vit E, on FO-induced oxidative stress
and hyperlipidemia have not been studied. Male Syrian hamsters received FO-based diets that contained 14.3 wt% fat and 0.46
wt% cholesterol supplemented with Vit E (129 IU d-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) and/or Se (3.4 ppm as sodium selenate) or that contained basal requirements of both nutrients.
The cardiac tissue of hamsters fed supplemental Se showed increased concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) but decreased
oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations. The higher concentrations of LPO in the hearts of Se-supplemented hamsters were
not lowered with concurrent Vit E supplementation. In the liver, Se supplementation was associated with higher Se-dependent
glutathione peroxidase activity and an increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio, whereas a lower hepatic non-Se-dependent glutathione
peroxidase activity was seen with Vit E supplementation. Supplemental intake of Se was associated with lower plasma concentrations
of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol plus very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. In view of the
pro-oxidative effects of Se supplementation on cardiac tissue, a cautionary approach needs to be taken regarding the plasma
lipid-lowering properties of supplemental Se. 相似文献
7.
Heacock H Paris-Seeley N Tokuno C Frederking S Keane B Mattie J Kanigan R Watzke J 《Applied ergonomics》2004,35(4):393-399
Home support workers (HSWs) work in clients' homes assisting with rehabilitation and activities of daily living. Like all health-care professionals, HSWs are at an increased risk for developing back injuries. Lift devices have been shown to reduce injuries to the worker. Presently, there are few lifting devices for home use that cost under $4000 CDN. Our study involved designing a safe and affordable lift device (retail cost under $2000 CDN) to be used by HSWs in the home and evaluating it in a typical bathroom. Thirty-eight HSWs and three seniors evaluated the BCIT lift, a commercially available lift (BHM Medical Inc.) and the manual method of transfer and lift. Results indicated that the BCIT lift was an improvement over the manual method of transferring, and approximated the more expensive, automatic lift in terms of perceived exertion, ease of use and safety. Feedback provided to the researchers has been incorporated into a new, ergonomically sound and marketable lift device. 相似文献
8.
J de Mouzon J Mandry M Baron H Grandjean JM Rème M Monrozies G Pontonnier 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1982,11(2):201-213
The University Centre for Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Toulouse have been using a computerised record system for obstetrics since 1974. This makes it possible for a review for a review to be undertaken each year of the work carried out in the Service and has made it possible to study over six years the evolution of the characteristics of the population who have been followed, as well as the changes in attitudes and techniques adopted during pregnancy and labour. A study has been carried out on the factors associated with perinatal mortality and prematurity. Computerisation of 13,500 records has made it possible to draw curves of birth weights, according to the duration of the pregnancy, and characterising the service given. Finally the adoption of a prospective record system used in common by several teams and checked by people specialised in this work has improved the quality and quantity of retrieval and has made it possible to foresee cooperative studies between different departments. 相似文献
9.
Kretowski M Rolland Y Bézy-Wendling J Coatrieux JL 《IEEE transactions on medical imaging》2003,22(2):248-257
In this paper, a model-based approach to medical image analysis is presented. It is aimed at understanding the influence of the physiological (related to tissue) and physical (related to image modality) processes underlying the image content. This methodology is exemplified by modeling first, the liver and its vascular network, and second, the standard computed tomography (CT) scan acquisition. After a brief survey on vascular modeling literature, a new method, aimed at the generation of growing three-dimensional vascular structures perfusing the tissue, is described. A solution is proposed in order to avoid intersections among vessels belonging to arterial and/or venous trees, which are physiologically connected. Then it is shown how the propagation of contrast material leads to simulate time-dependent sequences of enhanced liver CT slices. 相似文献
10.
Computer-aided method for quantification of cartilage thickness and volume changes using MRI: validation study using a synthetic model 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kauffmann C Gravel P Godbout B Gravel A Beaudoin G Raynauld JP Martel-Pelletier J Pelletier JP de Guise JA 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2003,50(8):978-988
The primary objective of this study was to develop a computer-aided method for the quantification of three-dimensional (3-D) cartilage changes over time in knees with osteoarthritis (OA). We introduced a local coordinate system (LCS) for the femoral and tibial cartilage boundaries that provides a standardized representation of cartilage geometry, thickness, and volume. The LCS can be registered in different data sets from the same patient so that results can be directly compared. Cartilage boundaries are segmented from 3-D magnetic resonance (MR) slices with a semi-automated method and transformed into offset-maps, defined by the LCS. Volumes and thickness are computed from these offset-maps. Further anatomical labeling allows focal volumes to be evaluated in predefined subregions. The accuracy of the automated behavior of the method was assessed, without any human intervention, using realistic, synthetic 3-D MR images of a human knee. The error in thickness evaluation is lower than 0.12 mm for the tibia and femur. Cartilage volumes in anatomical subregions show a coefficient of variation ranging from 0.11% to 0.32%. This method improves noninvasive 3-D analysis of cartilage thickness and volume and is well suited for in vivo follow-up clinical studies of OA knees. 相似文献