A novel spherical-ordered macroporous CuO nanocatalyst for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a promising research direction in resource utilization and sustainable energy development. However, there is still a...     

Phases and microstructures of high Zn-containing Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

Phases and microstructures of three high Zncontaining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys were investigated by means of thermodynamic calculation method, optica microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM)energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis. The results indicate that similar dendritic network morphologies are found in these three Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The as-cast 7056 aluminum alloy consists of aluminum solid solution, coarse Al/Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2 eutectic phases, and fine intermetallic compounds g(MgZn_2). Both of as-cast 7095 and 7136 aluminum alloys involve a(Al)eutectic Al/Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2, intermetallic g(MgZn_2), and h(Al_2Cu). During homogenization at 450 °C, fine g(MgZn_2) can dissolve into matrix absolutely. After homogenization at 450 °C for 24 h, Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2 phase in 7136 alloy transforms into S(Al_2Cu Mg) while no change is found in 7056 and 7095 alloys. The thermodynamic calculation can be used to predict the phases in high Zncontaining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.     

高选择性增菌培养基结合侧向层析免疫方法检测食品中沙门氏菌的有效性研究及评价

目的对高选择性增菌培养基结合侧向层析免疫方法 (Rapid Chek~?)快速筛选检测沙门氏菌方法的有效性进行研究及评价。方法参照GB 4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》、ISO 16140-2-2016《食品链的微生物学-可替代方法的验证方案》,对Rapid Chek~?方法检测食品中沙门氏菌进行了实验室内验证。结果 Rapid Chek~?方法与参照方法的相对准确性、相对特异性、相对灵敏度和相对检测限无差异。结论 Rapid Chek~?方法可以作为一种处理大量样本的日常快速检测方法。     

过程模拟研究进展

随着计算机技术的不断发展, 过程模拟在各行各业中的应用越来越广泛. 过程模拟使用模拟模型来模仿业务流程行为, 它可以用于预测和优化系统的性能, 评估决策的影响并向管理者提供决策依据, 也可以用于减少实验成本和时间. 目前, 如何高效地去构建一个可以信任的仿真模型得到了广泛关注. 本文通过追踪、归纳和分析关于构建业务过程模拟模型方法的相关研究文献, 对基于过程模型、系统动力学和深度学习的3种仿真建模方法的流程、优缺点和研究进展进行了阐述, 并探讨了过程模拟面临的挑战和未来的发展方向, 以期为业务过程模拟未来的研究方向提供参考.     

两性高分子絮凝剂P(AM-DM-MA)的合成及性能评价

在引发剂存在下使丙烯酰胺 (AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵 (DM)、马来酸 (MA)在水溶液中共聚合 ,将共聚物提纯后得到了两性共聚物P(AM /DM/MA) ,收率约 92 %。红外光谱图、1H核磁共振谱图确证了共聚物的结构 ,用元素分析法测定了共聚物的组成 ,AM、DM、MA(以 COOH 计 )的摩尔分数分别为 87.5 %、8.9%和 3.6 %。以3%硅藻土水悬浮液充当模拟污水 ,考察了不同加剂量和 pH值下共聚物的絮凝性能 (通过沉降体积和透光率测定 )。共聚物加量为 8mg/L时透光率即高达 97.5 %,加量在 8～ 30 0mg/L时絮凝效果保持优良 ;pH <6 .7时透光率维持高值 ,pH值在 6 .7～ 9.3时 (等电点附近 )透光率很差 ,絮凝效果不良。P(AM/DM /MA)是一种极具发展潜力的水处理剂。     

基于深度卷积神经网络的图像重建算法

视频或者图像在传输过程中,可能出现随机性的误码、突发性的误码、传输中的丢包等等,对解码出的图像数据也会有严重的影响.本文提出了基于深度学习的图像重建算法：一种基于图像背景预测生成模糊区域内容的无监督图像重建神经网络模型.为了重建出逼真的图像,神经网络模型需要既理解整个图像的内容,又为缺失的部分重构出一个合理的假设.损失函数包含标准像素级重建损失和对抗损失,在训练卷积神经网络模型时,能够更好地处理图像中的结构细节产生更清晰的结果.通过实验可以发现本文设计的深度卷积神经网络模型与基于样本插值的算法相比在图像重建中有着较好的效果.     

葡萄糖诱导的线粒体蛋白氧化应激及调控机制概述

食品中的葡萄糖是人体细胞获取能量的重要来源,细胞中的线粒体是重要的能量代谢场所,在维持人体正常生理代谢功能中起重要作用。但葡萄糖代谢异常会导致线粒体功能紊乱,这是通过葡萄糖诱导的氧化应激导致的线粒体蛋白功能异常,进而引发相关疾病,例如糖尿病、阿尔茨海默症和脑中风。所以维持线粒体生理功能,研究氧化应激调控机制,探究相关疾病更有效的治疗手段至关重要。本文综述了氧化应激涉及的主要线粒体蛋白(包括顺乌头酸酶、腺嘌呤核苷酸转位酶、二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶、线粒体蛋白复合物Ⅰ、雌激素受体β、热休克转录因子1和缺氧诱导因子2a)、氧化应激调控机制(包括丙酮酸调节、线粒体蛋白之间的协同调节)和人工干预过程(包括乙醇戒断、亚甲蓝作电子受体和5-甲氧基吲哚-2-羧酸预处理)。     

基于稳定同位素技术的4种食源致病菌蛋白质组研究进展

目前微生物蛋白质组差异比较研究的最大困难在于无法获得稳定的内参照。而稳定同位素与其同位素存在质量差异,又不具有放射性,因此是分子差异比较研究的最理想的内参照,其作用是校正实验过程中存在的误差,保证实验结果的准确性。稳定同位素技术结合质谱分析的目标是:建立微生物(主要是致病菌)的稳定同位素体内标记技术并将标记产物作为内标用于微生物蛋白质组表达差异的研究,根据获得的差异信息为特殊处理条件下微生物的检测提供解决办法。本文从稳定同位素国内外研究进展、传统经典蛋白质组研究方法存在的不足和常见的4种食源性致病菌,包括沙门氏菌、单核增生李斯特氏菌、霍乱弧菌和副溶血弧菌的蛋白质组研究,并对副溶血性弧菌的蛋白质组研究作详细阐述。最后阐述稳定同位素标记的蛋白质组定量方法存在的一些挑战和今后的努力改进和发展的方向。     

Corrosion behavior of three bipolar plate materials in simulated SPE water electrolysis environment

The corrosion behavior of titanium (TA2), boron-doped diamond (BDD) coated titanium and mixed metal oxide (MMO) coated titanium were studied using electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) in simulated solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water electrolyte conditions at 80 °C. At imposed anodic potential, after about 240 h electrolysis, the bigger capacitance and reaction resistance values were observed for MMO coated titanium material, which demonstrated that MMO coated titanium has more corrosion-resistance performance. SEM photos showed that ten days electrolysis don't do much harm to MMO coated titanium material in simulated SPE water electrolysis environment.     

In-situ infrared spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy conversion and storage

With their ability to convert chemical energy of fuels directly into electrical power or reversibly store electrical energy, systems such as fuel cells and lithium ion batteries are of great importance in managing energy use. In these electrochemical energy conversion and storage (EECS) systems, controlled electrochemical redox reactions generate or store the electrical energy, ideally under conditions that avoid or kinetically suppress side reactions. A comprehensive understanding of electrode reactions is critical for the exploration and optimization of electrode materials and is therefore the key issue for developing advanced EECS systems. Based on its fingerprint and surface selection rules, electrochemical in-situ FTIR spectroscopy (in-situ FTIRS) can provide real-time information about the chemical nature of adsorbates and solution species as well as intermediate/product species involved in the electrochemical reactions. These unique features make this technique well-suited for insitu studies of EECS. In this Account, we review the characterization of electrode materials and the investigation of interfacial reaction processes involved in EECS systems by using state-of-the-art in-situ FTIR reflection technologies, primarily with an external configuration. We introduce the application of in-situ FTIRS to EECS systems and describe relevant technologies including in-situ microscope FTIRS, in-situ time-resolved FTIRS, and the combinatorial FTIRS approach. We focus first on the in-situ steady-state and time-resolved FTIRS studies on the electrooxidation of small organic molecules. Next, we review the characterization of electrocatalysts through the IR properties of nanomaterials, such as abnormal IR effects (AIREs) and surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA). Finally, we introduce the application of in-situ FTIRS to demonstrate the decomposition of electrolyte and (de)lithiation processes involved in lithium ion batteries. The body of work summarized here has substantially advanced the knowledge of electrode processes and represents the forefront in studies of EECS at the molecular level.