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1.
This paper investigates PID control design for a class of planar nonlinear uncertain systems in the presence of actuator saturation. Based on the bounds on the growth rates of the nonlinear uncertain function in the system model, the system is placed in a linear differential inclusion. Each vertex system of the linear differential inclusion is a linear system subject to actuator saturation. By placing the saturated PID control into a convex hull formed by the PID controller and an auxiliary linear feedback law, we establish conditions under which an ellipsoid is contractively invariant and hence is an estimate of the domain of attraction of the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system. The equilibrium point corresponds to the desired set point for the system output. Thus, the location of the equilibrium point and the size of the domain of attraction determine, respectively, the set point that the output can achieve and the range of initial conditions from which this set point can be reached. Based on these conditions, the feasible set points can be determined and the design of the PID control law that stabilizes the nonlinear uncertain system at a feasible set point with a large domain of attraction can then be formulated and solved as a constrained optimization problem with constraints in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Application of the proposed design to a magnetic suspension system illustrates the design process and the performance of the resulting PID control law. 相似文献
2.
Xiaoyuan Sun Zixuan Liu Hao Qian Yunfei Liu Yinong Lyu 《Ceramics International》2021,47(17):24207-24217
A strategy that constructs the morphotropic phase boundary and manipulates the domain structure has been used to design the component of 0.96[Bi0.5(Na0.84K0.16)0.5Ti(1-x)NbxO3]-0.04SrTiO3 (BNKT-4ST-100xNb) to enhance the strain properties for actuator application. Non-equivalent Nb5+ donor doping modulates the phase transition from the mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to the pseudocubic phase and results in the coexistence of multiple phases. Moreover, the high-resolution TEM confirms the existence of polar nano regions that contribute to the macroscopic relaxor behaviour. The size of the domains is reduced with increasing Nb5+, resulting in an enhanced relaxor behaviour. The ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature decreases from 85 to below 30 °C, implying a non-ergodic to ergodic relaxor transition. An improved strain of 0.56% and a giant normalized strain of 1120 pm/V were achieved for BNKT-4ST-1.5Nb, which were attributed to the unique domain structure in which nanodomains are embedded in an undistorted cubic matrix. Ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, and relaxor phases coexist. As the electric field is large enough, a reversible phase transition occurs. Furthermore, good temperature stability was obtained due to the stability of the nanodomains, and no degradation in strains was observed even after 104 cycles, which may originate from the reversible phase transition and dynamic domain wall. The results show that this design strategy offers a reference way to improve the strain behaviour and that BNKT-4ST-100xNb ceramics could be a potential material for high-displacement actuator applications. 相似文献
3.
Xiaopu Lyu Yunxi Huo Jin Yang Dawen Yao Kaimin Li Haoxian Lu Yangzong Zeren Hai Guo 《Indoor air》2021,31(5):1340-1352
Due to the high health risks associated with indoor air pollutants and long-term exposure, indoor air quality has received increasing attention. In this study, we put emphasis on the molecular composition, source emissions, and chemical aging of air pollutants in a residence with designed activities mimicking ordinary Hong Kong homes. More than 150 air pollutants were detected at molecular level, 87 of which were quantified at a time resolution of not less than 1 hour. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios were higher than 1 for most of the primary air pollutants, due to emissions of indoor activities and indoor backgrounds (especially for aldehydes). In contrast, many secondary air pollutants exhibited higher concentrations in outdoor air. Painting ranked first in aldehyde emissions, which also caused great enhancement of aromatics. Incense burning had the highest emissions of particle-phase organics, with vanillic acid and syringic acid as markers. The other noteworthy fingerprints enabled by online measurements included linoleic acid, cholesterol, and oleic acid for cooking, 2,5-dimethylfuran, stigmasterol, iso-/anteiso-alkanes, and fructose isomers for smoking, C28-C34 even n-alkanes for candle burning, and monoterpenes for the use of air freshener, cleaning agents, and camphor oil. We showed clear evidence of chemical aging of cooking emissions, giving a hint of indoor heterogeneous chemistry. This study highlights the value of organic molecules measured at high time resolutions in enhancing our knowledge on indoor air quality. 相似文献
4.
本文介绍了光束的模式、评价光束质量的几种方法,着重介绍了国际标准化组织(ISO)提出的光束传输系数M作为评价光束质量的方法。文中还讨论了光束质量对焊接、切割加工的影响;热透镜效应对加工的影响等。 相似文献
5.
气—液式热管换热器在硫酸工业中的应用研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文研制的气-液式热管换热器应用于硫酸生产中SO3气体的余热回收。它具有传热性能好、流动阻力小、寿命长、体积小、节能效果显著和易清垢等优点。 相似文献
6.
A novel body-tied silicon-on-insulator(SOI) n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with grounded body electrode named GBSOI nMOSFET has been developed by wafer bonding and etch-back technology. It has no floating body effect such as kink phenomena on the drain current curves, single-transistor latch and drain current overshoot inherent in a normal SOI device with floating body. We have characterized the interface trap density, kink phenomena on the drain current (IDS-VDS) curves, substrate resistance effect on the IDS-VDS curves, subthreshold current characteristics and single transistor latch of these transistors. We have confirmed that the GBSOI structure is suitable for high-speed and low-voltage VLSI circuits. 相似文献
7.
微型集散系统通用过程控制软件包 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文给出一种新的基于MCS-51单片机集散系统通用过程控制软件包的设计原理及其实施方法。文中重点地阐述了微型集散系统的构在民,通用过程控制软件的自动生成,主要数据结构与程序结构,实现方法及关键技术等。本软件包是采用TURBOC2.0版本和MCS-51泄编语言编程的,并通过了MCS-51组合软件的编译,形成了可用的目标码程序系统。 相似文献
8.
本文介绍利用x射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS),对玻璃表面银的存在状态进行研究,实验结果表明银以Ag^0、Ag^+、Ag^++三种状态存在,而Ag^+的存在有利于玻璃光色性的提高。文中并提出了在工艺过程中应采用惰性或弱氧化性气氛。 相似文献
9.
浅谈空气中机动车尾气对人体的危害 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近几年来,随着我国经济建设和城市化进程的快速发展,运输行业作为我国国民经济的支柱产业,得到了迅猛的发展. 相似文献
10.