Image denoising based on wavelets and multifractals for singularity detection.

This paper presents a very efficient algorithm for image denoising based on wavelets and multifractals for singularity detection. A challenge of image denoising is how to preserve the edges of an image when reducing noise. By modeling the intensity surface of a noisy image as statistically self-similar multifractal processes and taking advantage of the multiresolution analysis with wavelet transform to exploit the local statistical self-similarity at different scales, the pointwise singularity strength value characterizing the local singularity at each scale was calculated. By thresholding the singularity strength, wavelet coefficients at each scale were classified into two categories: the edge-related and regular wavelet coefficients and the irregular coefficients. The irregular coefficients were denoised using an approximate minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimation method, while the edge-related and regular wavelet coefficients were smoothed using the fuzzy weighted mean (FWM) filter aiming at preserving the edges and details when reducing noise. Furthermore, to make the FWM-based filtering more efficient for noise reduction at the lowest decomposition level, the MMSE-based filtering was performed as the first pass of denoising followed by performing the FWM-based filtering. Experimental results demonstrated that this algorithm could achieve both good visual quality and high PSNR for the denoised images.     

氟挥发对氟化物乳白玻璃瓶罐生产的影响

氟挥发对氟化物乳白玻璃瓶罐生产的影响陆德明，周俊梅，付希英（山东轻工业学院２５０１００）（山东德州玻璃厂２５３０１９）ＴｈｅＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆＦｌｕｏｒｉｎｅＶｏｌａｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｎＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＦｌｕｏｒｉｄｅｏｐａｌＧｌａｓ...     

中空螺旋状不锈钢冷却水喷头的熔模精密铸造

采用熔模精密铸造工艺，生产中空螺旋状不锈钢冷却水喷头，其工艺要点是，采用热型重力浇注，在高温下进行自由浇注。同时采用先慢后快，流量由小到大的浇注方法。结果表明：铸件表面光洁，无砂眼、气孔等缺陷，铸件合格率高于90％；在实际使用中，雾化区域直径大于1．5m，雾化率大于90％，喷雾效果稳定良好；盐雾试验2000h没有锈蚀，具有优良的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。     

北京城市副中心防洪风险研究

北京城市副中心规划防洪标准为100a一遇,其流域上游规划2座中型水库、50余处蓄滞洪区尚未建成,副中心周边防洪工程距离规划标准差距较大,导致副中心防洪安全难以保障。针对副中心来自上游的外来洪水压力大、区内防洪工程不达标等问题,采用一维、二维数学模型,分别对区域洪水风险、穿越副中心的北运河漫溢造成的淹没风险,以及副中心周边三条干流河道堤防不达标造成的防洪风险进行模拟计算和具体分析。结果表明:流域上游洪水不经有效拦蓄下泄后,将导致北运河干流100a一遇洪峰流量增加33%;同时,副中心周边三条河道均存在堤防安全风险。其中北运河发生100a一遇洪水时,即使区内宋庄蓄滞洪区建成启用,仍将有2 590万m~3洪水从3 km无堤段漫溢,并淹没副中心核心区0.2～2 m深。风险研究结果还表明,一旦近期通州境内宋庄蓄滞洪区、温潮减河分洪道等规划工程建成后,将有效降低城市副中心的部分防洪风险。研究成果对保障副中心防洪安全的规划工程实施安排及防汛抢险安排具有重要指导意义。     

年最大值抽样估算的暴雨频率设计值的低估问题探讨

由年最大值抽样(AMS)和年超大值抽样(AES)的基本理论及重现期(RP)的定义可知,AMS并不符合以"事件"为基础的重现期的定义.以美国西南半干旱区1 438个雨量站和太湖流域96个雨量站的降雨资料为例,通过经验频率与超过概率的比较,发现AMS估算的暴雨频率设计值偏小,尤其是对常遇频率降雨设计值的影响更加显著.美国的降雨量资料站点多、系列长,实际资料验证与理论分析一致.通过对太湖流域AMS资料的分布形态进行分析的结果表明:太湖流域的站点不多,资料长度不够,且大部分站点在雨量大值区数据稀少,使得频率直方图不连续,是造成我国太湖流域的资料验证效果不理想的可能原因.     

钯在一级相变和玻璃转化过程的拓扑结构

用分子动力学法模拟了（ＮＰＴ）系综下金属Ｐｄ的一级相变和玻璃转化的整个过程，考察了不同冷却速度条件下Ｐｄ在相转变过程中的结构变化特征，用Ｖｏｒｏｎｏｉ多面体分析的方法对以上各个过程进行了拓扑分析，得出对应于晶态、液态和非晶态物质的各种特征结构，从原子尺度上解释了一级相变和玻璃转化过程中系统微观结构的变化。     

Sufficient Utilization of Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+ Redox in NASICON Phosphate Cathodes towards High-Energy Na-Ions Batteries

Na superionic conductor of Na₃MnTi(PO₄)₃ only containing high earth-abundance elements is regarded as one of the most promising cathodes for the applicable Na-ion batteries due to its desirable cycling stability and high safety. However, the voltage hysteresis caused by Mn²⁺ ions resided in Na⁺ vacancies has led to significant capacity loss associated with Mn reaction centers between 2.5–4.2 V. Herein, the sodium excess strategy based on charge compensation is applied to suppress the undesirable voltage hysteresis, thereby achieving sufficient utilization of the Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺ and Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ redox couples. These findings indicate that the sodium excess Na_3.5MnTi_0.5Ti_0.5(PO₄)₃ cathode with Ti⁴⁺ reduction has a lowest Mn²⁺ occupation on the Na⁺ vacancies in its initial composition, which can improve the kinetics properties, finally contributing to a suppressed voltage hysteresis. Based on these findings, it is further applied the sodium excess route on a Mn-richer phosphate cathode, which enables the suppressed voltage hysteresis and more reversible capacity. Consequently, this developed Na_3.6Mn_1.15Ti_0.85(PO₄)₃ cathode achieved a high energy density over 380 Wh kg⁻¹ (based on active substance mass of cathode) in full-cell configurations, which is not only superior to most of the phosphate cathodes, but also delivers more application potential than the typical oxides cathodes for Na-ion batteries.     

CVD制备Ir/Re复合材料的显微组织和再结晶研究

采用CVD方法制备了Ir/Re复合材料。研究了Ir层中Ir晶粒的形貌和生长特点,计算得到Ir晶粒生长动力学方程:(x2-x02)/t=4.31×103exp(-2.65eV/kT)(μm2·s-1)。研究了CVD过程中Re层表面晶粒生长和V,W型浸蚀纹的关系。对靠近Ir层的细晶粒区和Re层中部的柱状晶粒区中Re晶粒的再结晶长大进行了研究,计算得到柱状晶区中Re晶粒的生长动力学方程:(x2-x02)/t=2.55×103exp(-1.52eV/kT)(μm2·s-1),研究了Ir/Re扩散、Re扩散对细晶区中Re晶粒生长动力学的影响。     

基于CSI的轻量级自适应井下定位算法

针对传统井下定位成本高、工作危险系数大的问题,提出一种基于信道状态信息(channel state information, CSI)的轻量级自适应井下定位(lightweight self-adaptive underground positioning algorithm, LSA)方法。LSA方法以细粒度的CSI替代粗粒度的接收信号强度(received signal strength indicator, RSSI)来获得更高的定位精度,采用逆傅里叶变换将原始CSI数据转换为信道脉冲响应,以此选取视距信号,并通过构建CSI视距信号衰减模型实现轻量级的精确测距;基于井下现有WiFi网络中的访问接入点(access points, APs)位置和井下巷道特征,计算目标相对AP的方向,根据方向和测距结果完成定位。该方法能够自适应于AP在巷道中的任意位置部署,并利用拐角识别优化算法进一步提高定位的精度。试验结果表明,该方法能够使得定位中位数误差达到0.53 m,且无需在井下单独部署任何定位系统,性能明显优于已提出的CDPF、FILA等其他定位算法。     

Ductility Anisotropy Induced by Ferrite in Direct Laser Deposited 17-4 PH Steel: Combined Microstructure and Dislocation Density Simulation

The anisotropic ductility of a direct laser deposited 17-4 PH cubic part was investigated. Anisotropic elongations in the specimens from varied surfaces of the part were obtained: ～ 6.2%, ～ 1.5%, and ～ 4.5% in XY, YZ, and XZ samples, respectively. Furthermore, various orientations of ferrite were found in different specimens, taking the loading direction as reference. A finite element analysis depending on actual microstructures and dislocation density revealed that the orientation of ferrite caused the ductility anisotropy. The orientation of ferrite affected its plastic deformability and the deformation compatibility between phases during the uniaxial loading. The ferrite parallel to the tensile direction in the YZ sample had the worst deformability and induced severe strain localization and stress triaxiality, which resulted in inferior ductility. The ferrite perpendicular to the tensile direction showed the best deformability, whereas strain localization remained intense in the XZ sample owing to the unmatched deformability of martensite. The inclined ferrite in the XY sample exhibited moderate deformability and was found to enhance the plastic fl ow of martensite, leading to the best deformation compatibility and ductility.