Plastic deformation in a multifunctional Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-O alloy

Mechanisms for plastic deformation in the newly developed Ti-24 at. pct (Ta + Nb + V)-(Zr,Hf)-O alloys (Gum Metal) were investigated in relation to their unique properties. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the microstructure after deformation was characterized by highly distorted crystal images, which are accompanied by numerous “giant faults.” Such plastic behavior implies that a large amount of elastic stain energy was stored discretely and hierarchically during cold working. Calculated elastic constants of the Ti-X (Nb,Ta,Mo,V) binary systems predicted that Young’s modulus in 〈001〉 and shear moduli along some directions including slip systems in a bcc crystal were extraordinary small. The low modulus not only well explains the highly distorted microstructure observed in the cold-worked specimens, but also signifies that ideal shear strength of the developed alloys is a very small value, which is close to the practical strength required for plastic deformation in the alloy. This implies that the giant faults observed in the deformed specimen were formed without the aid of dislocation glide.     

Changes in Aging Behavior and Defect Structure of Yttria-Fully-Stabilized ZrO2 with Sc2O3 Doping

Methods of suppressing decreased conductivity in 8 mol% Y₂O₃-stabilized–92 mol% ZrO₂ (8YSZ) with aging were investigated. Different amounts of Sc₂O₃ were doped into 8YSZ. The electrochemical properties of Sc₂O₃-doped 8YSZ were measured, and the microstructural and local structural changes were characterized. The present results indicate that an appropriate amount of Sc₂O₃ doping, 3 or 4 mol%, effectively suppresses decreased conductivity with aging in 8YSZ.     

Immunohistochemical localization of advanced glycosylation end products in coronary atheroma and cardiac tissue in diabetes mellitus

Advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) accumulate on long-lived extracellular matrix proteins and have been implicated in the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Within the arterial wall, AGE-modified proteins increase vascular permeability, inactivate nitric oxide activity, and induce the release of growth-promoting cytokines. Recently developed anti-AGE antibodies were used in an immunohistochemical analysis of coronary arteries obtained from type II diabetic and nondiabetic patients. High levels of AGE reactivity were observed within the atherosclerotic plaque present in vessels from selected patients with diabetes. Considered together with the pathological effects of AGEs on vascular wall homeostasis, these data support the role of advanced glycosylation in the rapidly progressive atherosclerosis associated with diabetes mellitus.     

Structural significance of the alkyl substituent at the C-4 of (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate in sex pheromonal activity of the American cockroach

The significance of the alkyl group at the C-4 of (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate, which is the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, was investigated. Seven alcohols possessing an ethyl, propyl, or dimethyl group at this position of the 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane skeleton were synthesized and evaluated by behavioral assay. All of the alcohols were inactive, while three of four acetates of the 2-alcohols induced sexual behavior in male cockroaches at the 0.02 or 0.5 mg dosage level, either of which is many orders of magnitude higher than the threshold level of the natural sex pheromones (10^–8 mg). Among the acetates, the compounds with a methyl group or an -oriented ethyl group at C-4 showed the highest activity. The results are discussed in terms of spatial requirements of the molecules for interactions with the receptor.Studies on the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate. Part VIII. For Part VII, seeComp. Biochem. Physiol.,70A: 229–234 (1981).     

Interactions oftrans-cinnamic acid,its related phenolic allelochemicals,and abscisic acid in seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce

Phenolic compounds have been identified as the most common allelochemicals produced by higher plants. Inhibitions of cinnamic acid, its related phenolic derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) on seedling growth and seed germination of lettuce were studied.trans-Cinnamic acid, ando-,m-, andp-coumaric acids inhibited the growth of etiolated seedlings of lettuce at concentrations higher than 10^–4 M and seed germination above 10^–3 M. Coumarin inhibited seedling growth and seed germination at 10^–5 M or above. Chlorogenic acid inhibited seedling growth above 10^–4 M, but did not inhibit seed germination at 10^–5–5×10^–3 M. Low concentrations (below 10^–3 M) of caffeic and ferulic acids promoted the elongation of hypocotyls, but higher concentrations (over 10^–3 M) inhibited seedling growth and seed germination. These phenolic compounds and abscisic acid had additive inhibitory effects both on seedling growth and seed germination. The inhibition on lettuce was reversed by caffeic and ferulic acids at concentrations lower than 10^–3 M except for the inhibition of germination by coumarin. These results suggest that in naturetrans-cinnamic acid,o-, m-, p-coumaric acids, coumarin, and chlorogenic acid inhibit plant growth regardless of their concentration. However, caffeic and ferulic acids can either promote or inhibit plant growth according to their concentration.     

Construction of human monoclonal single-chain Fv antibodies against small-cell lung cancer by phage display libraries derived from cell-immunized SCID mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes

In this study, we describe a phage display strategy to obtain human monoclonal single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies binding target cancer cell surface proteins. By developing a cancer cell immunization protocol for SCID mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes in combination with an antibody phage display method, we have isolated phage antibodies binding small-cell lung cancer cell line H889 by subtractive selection. One of the isolated scFv antibodies, 12EAb, recognized the E2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2) by immunoprecipitation according to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Furthermore, we have confirmed the plasma membrane localization of PDC-E2 in small-cell lung cancer cells by immunocytochemistry and cell surface protein biotinylation, although PDC-E2 is usually located in the mitochondrial matrix. These results, including unique localization of identified antigens, were obtained by proteomic approaches. The present methods can be applied to generate human monoclonal scFv antibodies against tumor cells and to identify new molecular targets for immunotherapy and markers for diagnosis.     

Amorphization Boost Multi-Ions Storage for High-Performance Aqueous Batteries

Regarding the complex properties of various cations, the design of aqueous batteries that can simultaneously store multi-ions with high capacity and satisfactory rate performance is a great challenge. Here an amorphization strategy to boost cation-ion storage capacities of anode materials is reported. In monovalent (H⁺, Li⁺, K⁺), divalent (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺) and even trivalent (Al³⁺) aqueous electrolytes, the capacity of the resulting amorphous MoO_x is more than quadruple than that of crystalline MoO_x and exceeds those of other reported multiple-ion storage materials. Both experimental and theoretical calculations reveal the generation of ample active sites and isotropic ions in the amorphous phase, which accelerates cation migration within the electrode bulk. Amorphous MoO_x can be coupled with multi-ion storage cathodes to realize electrochemical energy storage devices with different carriers, promising high energy and power densities. The power density exceeded 15000 W kg⁻¹, demonstrating the great potential of amorphous MoO_x in advanced aqueous batteries.     

基于模型的装备快速测试方法研究

装备测试方法主要包括测试模型建立和测试资源配置两个方面;针对当前自动测试系统存在的不足,提出了一种基于模型的装备快速测试方法;首先利用结构和参数未知的被测对象的观测数据,通过系统辨识技术建立其数学模型;在将数学模型分解为基本数学模型单元的线性组合后,再利用匹配算法建立数学模型单元与装备物理模型单元的匹配关系,即把一个黑箱逼近成一个结构和参数已知的白箱;最后根据其白箱模型建立测试需求,实现装备的快速测试;实验表明,模拟电路的匹配度高达92.22%。     

Eigen-Texture method: appearance compression and synthesis based ona 3D model

Image-based and model-based methods are two representative rendering methods for generating virtual images of objects from their real images. However, both methods still have several drawbacks when we attempt to apply them to mixed reality where we integrate virtual images with real background images. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a new method, which we refer to as the Eigen-Texture method. The proposed method samples appearances of a real object under various illumination and viewing conditions, and compresses them in the 2D coordinate system defined on the 3D model surface generated from a sequence of range images. The Eigen-Texture method is an example of a view-dependent texturing approach which combines the advantages of image-based and model-based approaches. No reflectance analysis of the object surface is needed, while an accurate 3D geometric model facilitates integration with other scenes. The paper describes the method and reports on its implementation