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Standard Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔGf0), an important property needed in design calculations has been estimated using molar refraction, RM. The linear relationships derived between ΔGf0 and RM tested with the data on 8 series of hydrocarbons at 228 compounds yielded average deviations comparable to the methods cited in recent literature. The method can be used as an alternative to the existing ones, because of its simplicity combined with reasonable accuracy. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: This is the first cohort study conducted in India to identify risk factors for contralateral breast cancer (CBC) among patients with first primary breast cancer. METHODS: Patients with first primary breast cancer diagnosed in 1960-1989 at the Cancer Institute (WIA) in Chennai, India, were followed-up until 31 December 1994. The risk of CBC was assessed among unilateral breast cancer (UBC) patients who survived for >12 months following the diagnosis of breast cancer and did not develop a second cancer (n = 2665) and among those who developed a CBC > or =12 months after the diagnosis of breast cancer (n = 39). RESULTS: The age-adjusted incidence of CBC among women with UBC was seven times the incidence (per single breast) in the general population. Among women with UBC the relative risk (RR) was 4.5 (95% CI: 1.1-19.6) comparing those with and without a history of breast cancer in the mother, and 2.8 (95% CI: 1.2-6.7) comparing age at first birth 21-25 versus earlier. The RR was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1-0.6) comparing those with and without hormone therapy for their UBC. Radiotherapy for the UBC had no significant effect on the incidence of CBC. CONCLUSION: Positive family history of breast cancer and later age at first childbirth emerged as stronger risk factors for CBC than UBC. Hormone therapy reduces the risk of CBC. 相似文献
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Shanta Satyanarayan 《Biomass & bioenergy》2010,34(9):1278-1282
Biogas energy production from cattle dung is an economically feasible and eco-friendly in nature. But dependence only on cattle dung is a limiting factor. Rich nitrogen containing substrate addition to extra carbohydrate digester like cattle dung could improve the biogas production. Detailed performance of the digesters at different ratios of cattle dung and soya sludge has been discussed in this paper considering the cold countries climate. Soya sludge substrate not only has high nitrogen content of 4.0–4.8% but it also has high percentage of volatile solids content in the range of 97.8–98.8%. Soya sludge addition also improved the manurial value of the digested slurry and also improved the dewater-ability of the sludge. Results indicated an increment of 27.0% gas production at 25.0% amendment of soya sludge in non-homogenized cattle dung (NCD) digester. The amount of gas production increased to 46.4% in case of homogenized cattle dung (HCD) with respect to NCD feed at the same amendment. 相似文献
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Pregnancy by Assisted Reproductive Technology Is Associated with Shorter Telomere Length in Neonates
Toshiko Minamoto Kentaro Nakayama Tomoka Ishibashi Masako Ishikawa Kohei Nakamura Hitomi Yamashita Kamrunnahar Shanta Hossain Mohammad Mahmud Sultana Razia Kouji Iida Gyosuke Sakashita Tsukasa Nakamura Hideyuki Kanda Satoru Kyo 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(24)
Telomere length (TL) influences the development of lifestyle-related diseases, and neonatal TL may influence their prevalence. Various factors have been reported to affect neonatal TL. Although the fetus is exposed to multiple conditions in utero, the main factors affecting the shortening of neonatal TL are still not known. In this study, we sought to identify factors that influence fetal TL. A total of 578 mother-newborn pairs were included for TL analysis. TL was measured in genomic DNA extracted from cord blood samples using quantitative PCR. The clinical factors examined at enrollment included the following intrauterine environmental factors: maternal age, assisted reproductive technology (ART) used, body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age, neonatal sex, and placental weight. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to verify the relationship between neonatal TL and these clinical factors. The median neonatal TL to single-copy gene ratio was 1.0. Pregnancy with ART was among the 11 factors associated with shorter neonatal TL. From multiple regression analysis, we determined that neonatal TL was significantly shorter for pregnancies in the ART group than in the other groups. We conclude that pregnancy with ART is associated with shorter neonatal TL. 相似文献
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Abhijit M. Deshpande Shanta Satyanarayan S. Ramakant 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,135(8):716-719
The present study involves the treatment of high strength Bulk Drug Industry Wastewater by electrochemical method. The treatability studies were carried out with four different electrodes made of mild steel, aluminum, carbon, and stainless steel. The treatment efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD)/biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), color, and heavy metal removals were assessed at different electrolysis time. A comparative study for heavy metal removal between chemical precipitation using aluminum and electrocoagulation with aluminum electrode has shown electrocoagulation to be more effective. Carbon electrode has shown COD removal of 34.0% and high BOD5f/CODf ratio of 0.581 at 120-min exposure time. Among all electrodes, aluminum was found as the most efficient in removal of color, suspended solids, and heavy metals with the least energy consumption of 95.83?Wh?kg?1?CODr and anode efficiency of 5.76?kg?COD?A?1?m?2?h?1. After electrochemical treatment, certain increase in BOD/COD ratio attributed to increase in biodegradability of wastewater. The study reveals that the wastewater could be effectively pretreated by electrochemical method. 相似文献
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Antony R Mahalinganathan K Thamban M Nair S 《Environmental science & technology》2011,45(23):9944-9950
Organic carbon records in Antarctic snow are sparse despite the fact that it is of great significance to global carbon dynamics, snow photochemistry, and air-snow exchange processes. Here, surface snow total organic carbon (TOC) along with sea-salt Na(+), dust, and microbial load of two geographically distinct traverses in East Antarctica are presented, viz. Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL, coast to 180 km inland, Indian Ocean sector) and Dronning Maud Land (DML, ~110-300 km inland, Atlantic Ocean sector). TOC ranged from 88 ± 4 to 928 ± 21 μg L(-1) in PEL and 13 ± 1 to 345 ± 6 μg L(-1) in DML. TOC exhibited considerable spatial variation with significantly higher values in the coastal samples (p < 0.001), but regional variation was insignificant within the two transects beyond 100 km (p > 0.1). Both distance from the sea and elevation influenced TOC concentrations. TOC also showed a strong positive correlation with sea-salt Na(+) (p < 0.001). In addition to marine contribution, in situ microorganisms accounted for 365 and 320 ng carbon L(-1) in PEL and DML, respectively. Correlation with dust suggests that crustal contribution of organic carbon was marginal. Though TOC was predominantly influenced by marine sources associated with sea-spray aerosols, local microbial contributions were significant in distant locations having minimal sea-spray input. 相似文献
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Kit‐Kay Mak Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy Shanta Sankaran Murugesh Kandasamy Elaine Chan Wan Ling Madhu Katyayani Balijepalli Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2018,53(7):1771-1780
Blueberries, a functional food, are rich in bioactive polyphenols and anthocyanins. However, the shelf life is short and requires cold storage. This study provides evidence that edible foxtail millet flour (FMF) efficiently sorbs only blueberry bioactive components (polyphenols and anthocyanins) but not sugars, improves their stability and retains the activity. The concentration of blueberry polyphenols and anthocyanins sorbed to FMF ranged from 6 to 113 and 4 to 41 mg g?1, respectively. The concentration of bioactive components in one serving of blueberries (73 g) is equivalent to those present in 1.2 g of blueberry‐enriched foxtail millet flour (BFMF). The blueberry bioactive sorbed onto FMF remained stable for at least 16 weeks at 40 °C. BFMF eluates inhibited α‐glucosidase enzyme activity and scavenged the free radicals conferring that blueberry bioactive components in BFMF retained the activity. The sorption process described here provides a practical way of creating low glycemic protein‐rich edible flour enriched with plant bioactive compounds without sugars. 相似文献
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Murphy Kevin R.; Garcia Magda; Kerkar Shanta; Martin Carmen; Balzer William K. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1982,67(3):320
Examined relationships among components of accuracy in tasks of performance rating and observational accuracy. Measures of elevation, differential elevation, stereotype accuracy, and differential accuracy were obtained in a teacher rating task. 44 undergraduates viewed videotapes of 4 graduate student lecturers and rated each using the Frequency Rating scale to measure accuracy in behavioral observation, as well as standard teacher evaluation forms (the Performance Evaluation scale). Measures of elevation, differential elevation, and differential accuracy in rating the frequency of behaviors previously defined as critical incidents were related to corresponding measures of accuracy in evaluating performance. Data suggest that accuracy in observing or evaluating performance is not a generalized ability, but different types of accuracy are independent. Frequency ratings are tied to specific behaviors chosen on the basis of clarity and relevance, while performance evaluation requires complex, abstract judgments about performance quality. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献