The MITRE E3 family of models structure and results

A family of energy/economic/environmental (E³) models is presented as a mechanism for analysing national policy issues. The family consists of discrete models which are designed to be run in an integrated manner. The outputs of certain models provide the inputs to the next. This structure allows the analyst to readily incorporate an understanding of regional factors such as local energy prices, concerns over air quality, water availability, or attitudes towards construction of new energy facilities, into national assessments of energy policies. This paper reviews the analytic framework within which energy policy issues are currently addressed. The initial family of E³ models is described with the emphasis on the data linkages and feedback which are provided when these models are run sequentially. The ongoing MITRE research programme with the E³ family of models is presented and plans and opportunities for future work are outlined.     

Excess enthalpy,volume, and gibbs free energy; and viscosity of acetonitrile-methylcellosolve mixtures

Molar excess enthalpies of mixing at 48.2°C, and molar excess volumes at 40°C were measured for acetonitrile-methyl cellosolve system using an isothermal phase change calorimeter and a glass dilatometer respectively. Molar excess Gibbs free energies were calculated from the isothermal vapour-liquid equilibrium data obtained in a circulation still at 70, 60 and 48.2°C. Complete isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium data at 1 atm pressure are also reported. The kinematic viscosity of binary mixtures were measured at 40°C with an Ostwald viscometer. The VLE data are corrected for vapour phase nonideality, tested for thermodynamic consistency and correlated by Wilson equation. The viscosity data were correlated by McAllister and excess function models.     

Coriander leaf mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles

Extracellular biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles was achieved by a simple biological procedure using coriander extract as the reducing agent. The aqueous gold ions when exposed to coriander leaf extract are reduced and resulted in the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles in the size range from 6.75-57.91 nm. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles is simple, amenable for large scale commercial production and technical applications.     

Semiconductor thickness and back-gate voltage effects on the gate tunnel current in the MOS/SOI system with an ultrathin oxide

The effects of the semiconductor layer thickness and the back-gate voltage on the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the MOS/SOI tunnel diode with an aluminum gate and n-type semiconductor layers are theoretically investigated. If the semiconductor thickness is reduced or the back-gate voltage is more negative, the total thermal generation current decreases and the gate-oxide thickness critical for transition from the quasiequilibrium strong inversion state to the nonequilibrium state increases. If the MOS/SOI tunnel diode is in the transition range between the nonequilibrium and quasiequilibrium states, a positive increase of the back-gate voltage V/sub BG/ results in a strong increase of the majority carrier tunnel current. This back-gate effect may be exploited in more functional devices based on the MOS/SOI tunnel diode.     

Energy efficient secured K means based unequal fuzzy clustering algorithm for efficient reprogramming in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Networks - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a collection of tiny distributed sensor nodes that have been used to sense the physical parameters of the environment where it has been...     

Transparent hashing in the encrypted domain for privacy preserving image retrieval

Search through a database of encrypted images against a crumpled and encrypted query will remain privacy preserving only if comparisons between selective features derived from these images is executed in the encrypted domain itself. To facilitate this, the encryption process must remain transparent to specific image statistics computed in the spatial or transform domain. Consequently, the perceptual hash formed by quantizing the image statistics remains the same before and after the encryption process. In this paper, we propose a transparent privacy preserving hashing scheme tailored to preserve the DCT-AC coefficient distributions, despite a constrained inter-block shuffling operation. These DCT distributions can be mapped onto a generalized Gaussian model characterized by shape and scale parameters, which can be quantized and Gray-coded into a binary hash matrix. The encryption scheme has been shown to be perceptually secure and does not impair the search reliability and accuracy of the hashing procedure. Experimental results have been provided to verify the robustness of the hash to content-preserving transformations, while demonstrating adequate sensitivity to discriminate between different images.     

Use of flip ambiguity probabilities in robust sensor network localization

Collinear or near collinear placement of some sensors in a wireless sensor network causes the location estimates of nearby sensors to be sensitive to erroneous distance measurements which leads to large location estimation errors. These errors and the possible propagation of these errors to the entire network or a large portion of it, thereby causing larger estimation errors for some sensors’ locations, is a major problem in localization. This phenomenon is well described in rigid graph theory, using the notion of “flip ambiguity”. This paper considers arbitrary sensor neighborhoods of two dimensional sensor networks and formulates an analytical expression for the probability of occurrence of the flip ambiguity. Based on the derived probability expression, a methodology is proposed to make the localization algorithms robust by calculating such flip ambiguity probabilities and eliminating potentially poor location estimates as well as assigning confidence factors to the estimated locations to prevent them from ruining the subsequent localization steps. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is demonstrated via a set of simulations.     

网络通信与便携式应用驱动SRAM技术发展

数据通信和便携式系统成为当今SRAM的重要应用领域.某些SRAM由于能够提供实现较高带宽所需的性能(比如在网络系统中)或维持较长电池使用寿命所需的低功耗(比如在便携式设备中)而在许多应用中起着主导作用.     

Metal hydride batteries research using nanostructured additives

We describe here, our recent research efforts to improve the capacity of metal hydride batteries using nanostructured additives. Nanostructured additives of palladium, copper and nickel were incorporated separately into the negative electrode of the metal hydride batteries. The nanomaterials were synthesized by template-based methods and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. These nanomaterials were incorporated in the negative electrode of the metal hydride battery and the electrochemical performance at 2 C rate was studied. The nanomaterial-incorporated negative electrodes all showed increased cell voltage and negative electrode potential compared to that of a pristine cell. The increase in discharge capacity for a cut-off voltage of 1 V depends on the nanomaterial incorporated and a comparative analysis of the performance of the different batteries is presented.     

Electron holography study of remanence states in exchange-biased MnPd/Fe bilayers grown epitaxially on MgO(001)

We investigated magnetic remanence states of epitaxially grown, exchange-biased MnPd/Fe bilayers by electron holography emphasizing the crystallographic orientations of the layers. Thin-foil transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens were carefully prepared along both hard and easy axes of the Fe layer. The ex situ magnetization-reversal process was carried out using the TEM specimens, and magnetic flux densities of the ultra-thin Fe layers were evaluated at different remanence states. We show that a spin configuration in the TEM specimens is determined by the competition between an exchange coupling at the MnPd/Fe bilayer interface, shape anisotropy of TEM specimens and intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe.