全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1736篇 |
免费 | 90篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 22篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
化学工业 | 314篇 |
金属工艺 | 25篇 |
机械仪表 | 48篇 |
建筑科学 | 111篇 |
矿业工程 | 3篇 |
能源动力 | 39篇 |
轻工业 | 226篇 |
水利工程 | 11篇 |
石油天然气 | 4篇 |
无线电 | 188篇 |
一般工业技术 | 258篇 |
冶金工业 | 346篇 |
原子能技术 | 12篇 |
自动化技术 | 219篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 35篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 43篇 |
2016年 | 45篇 |
2015年 | 47篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 78篇 |
2012年 | 73篇 |
2011年 | 92篇 |
2010年 | 81篇 |
2009年 | 59篇 |
2008年 | 77篇 |
2007年 | 72篇 |
2006年 | 69篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 49篇 |
2003年 | 44篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 119篇 |
1997年 | 71篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1828条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Klaus Reinhardt Hans Georg Breunig Aisada Uchugonova Karsten K?nig 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2015,12(110)
We explore the possibility of characterizing sperm cells without the need to stain them using spectral and fluorescence lifetime analyses after multi-photon excitation in an insect model. The autofluorescence emission spectrum of sperm of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, was consistent with the presence of flavins and NAD(P)H. The mean fluorescence lifetimes showed smaller variation in sperm extracted from the male (tau m, τm = 1.54–1.84 ns) than in that extracted from the female sperm storage organ (tau m, τm = 1.26–2.00 ns). The fluorescence lifetime histograms revealed four peaks. These peaks (0.18, 0.92, 2.50 and 3.80 ns) suggest the presence of NAD(P)H and flavins and show that sperm metabolism can be characterized using fluorescence lifetime imaging. The difference in fluorescence lifetime variation between the sexes is consistent with the notion that female animals alter the metabolism of sperm cells during storage. It is not consistent, however, with the idea that sperm metabolism represents a sexually selected character that provides females with information about the male genotype. 相似文献
2.
Changmo Kim Izhar Livne‐Bar Karsten Gronert Jeremy M. Sivak 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2020,64(4)
Lipoxins (LXs) are autacoids, specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) acting locally in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. They belong to a complex superfamily of dietary small polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–metabolites, which direct potent cellular responses to resolve inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis. Together, these SPM activities have been intensely studied in systemic inflammation and acute injury or infection, but less is known about LX signaling and activities in the central nervous system. LXs are derived from arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 PUFA. In addition to well‐established roles in systemic inflammation resolution, they have increasingly become implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. In particular, chronic inflammation plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology, and dysregulated LX production and activities have been reported in a variety of AD rodent models and clinical tissue samples, yet with complex and sometimes conflicting results. In addition, reduced LX production following retinal injury has been reported recently by the authors, and an intriguing direct neuronal activity promoting survival and homeostasis in retinal and cortical neurons is demonstrated. Here, the authors review and clarify this growing literature and suggest new research directions to further elaborate the role of lipoxins in neurodegeneration. 相似文献
3.
We present PowerNap, an OS power management scheme, which can significantly improve the battery life of mobile devices. The key feature of PowerNap is the skipping of the periodic system timer ticks associated with the operating system. On an idle device, this modification increases the time between successive timer interrupts and enables us to put the processor/system into a more efficient low power state. This saves the energy consumed by workless timer interrupts and the excess energy consumed by the processor in less efficient low power states. PowerNap is tightly integrated with the kernel and is designed for optimal control of the latency and energy associated with transitioning in and out of the low power states. We describe an implementation of PowerNap and its impact on system software. Experiments with IBM's WatchPad verify the ability of PowerNap to extend battery life. An analytical model that quantifies the ability of the scheme to reduce power is also presented. The model is in good agreement with experimental results. We apply the model to small form-factor devices which use processors that have a PowerDown state. In such devices, PowerNap may extend battery life by more than 42 percent for small processor workloads and for background power levels below 10 mW. 相似文献
4.
We demonstrate that alkali-halide salts, particularly potassium bromide, can reduce the photothermal emission (PTE) from single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). PTE is a prominent spectral feature in Raman spectroscopy when a near infrared laser is used to analyze a dark colored sample. We subsequently show that trapping salts inside SWNT and coating SWNT with the salt has a more pronounced impact on not only reducing PTE, but also enhancing the intensity of the Raman spectral features. The effect, which we have called nanotube enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NERS), has differences and similarities to the widely studied surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). 相似文献
5.
Daria Siciliano Kerstin Wasson Donald C. Potts R.C. Olsen 《Remote sensing of environment》2008,112(11):4020-4033
Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication are major concerns in many estuarine and wetland ecosystems, and the need is urgent for fast, efficient, and synoptic ways to detect and monitor nutrients in wetlands and other coastal systems across multiple spatial and temporal scales. We integrated three approaches in a multi-disciplinary evaluation of the potential for using hyperspectral imaging as a tool to assess nutrient enrichment and vegetation responses in tidal wetlands. For hyperspectral imaging to be an effective tool, spectral signatures must vary in ways correlated with water nutrient content either directly, or indirectly via such proxies as vegetation responses to elevated nitrogen. Working in Elkhorn Slough, central California, where intensive farming practices generate considerable runoff of fertilizers and pesticides, we looked first for long- and short-term trends among temporally ephemeral point data for nutrients and other water quality characters collected monthly at 18 water sampling stations since 1988. Second, we assessed responses of the dominant wetland plant, Salicornia virginica (common pickleweed) to two fertilizer regimes in 0.25 m2 experimental plots, and measured changes in tissue composition (C, H, N), biomass, and spectral responses at leaf and at canopy scales. Third, we used HyMap hyperspectral imagery (126 bands; 15–19 nm spectral resolution; 2.5 m spatial resolution) for a synoptic assessment of the entire wetland ecosystem of Elkhorn Slough. We mapped monospecific Salicornia patches (~ 56–500 m2) on the ground adjacent to the 18 regular water sampling sites, and then located these patches in the hyperspectral imagery to correlate long-term responses of larger patches to water nutrient regimes. These were used as standards for correlating plant canopy spectral responses with nitrogen variation described by the water sampling program. There were consistent positive relationships between nitrogen levels and plant responses in both the field experiment and the landscape analyses. Two spectral indices, the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and Derivative Chlorophyll Index (DCI), were correlated significantly with water nutrients. We conclude that hyperspectral imagery can be used to detect nutrient enrichment across three spatial and at least two temporal scales, and suggest that more quantitative information could be extracted with further research and a greater understanding of physiological and physical mechanisms linking water chemistry, plant properties and spectral imaging characteristics. 相似文献
6.
Sea-air flux of CO2 in the Caribbean Sea estimated using in situ and remote sensing data 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Empirical relationships between sea surface carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO2sw) and sea surface temperature (SST) were applied to datasets of remotely sensed SST to create fCO2sw fields in the Caribbean Sea. SST datasets from different sensors were used, as well as the SST fields created by optimum interpolation of bias corrected AVHRR data. Empirical relationships were derived using shipboard fCO2sw data, in situ SST data, and SST data from the remote sensing platforms. The results show that the application of a relationship based on shipboard SST data, on fields of remotely sensed SST yields biased fCO2sw values. This bias is reduced if the fCO2sw-SST relationships are derived using the same SST data that are used to create the SST fields. The fCO2sw fields found to best reproduce observed fCO2sw are used in combination with wind speed data from QuikSCAT to create weekly maps of the sea-air CO2 flux in the Caribbean Sea in 2002. The region to the SW of Cuba was a source of CO2 to the atmosphere throughout 2002, and the region to the NE was a sink during winter and spring and a source during summer and fall. The net uptake of CO2 in the region was doubled when potential skin layer effects on fCO2sw were taken into account. 相似文献
7.
The three-dimensional solution structure of des-[Phe(B25)] human insulin has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. Thirty-five structures were calculated by distance geometry from 581 nuclear Overhauser enhancement-derived distance constraints, ten phi torsional angle restraints, the restraints from 16 helical hydrogen bonds, and three disulfide bridges. The distance geometry structures were optimized using simulated annealing and restrained energy minimization. The average root-mean-square (r.m.s.) deviation for the best 20 refined structures is 1.07 angstroms for the backbone and 1.92 angstroms for all atoms if the less well-defined N and C-terminal residues are excluded. The helical regions are more well defined, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.64 angstroms for the backbone and 1.51 angstroms for all atoms. It is found that the des-[Phe(B25)] insulin is a monomer under the applied conditions (4.6 to 4.7 mM, pH 3.0, 310 K), that the overall secondary and tertiary structures of the monomers in the 2Zn crystal hexamer of native insulin are preserved, and that the conformation-averaged NMR solution structure is close to the structure of molecule 1 in the hexamer. The structure reveals that the lost ability of des-[Phe(B25)] insulin to self-associate is caused by a conformational change of the C-terminal region of the B-chain, which results in an intra-molecular hydrophobic interaction between Pro(B28) and the hydrophobic region Leu(B11)-Leu(B15) of the B-chain alpha-helix. This interaction interferes with the inter-molecular hydrophobic interactions responsible for the dimerization of native insulin, depriving the mutant of the ability to dimerize. Further, the structure displays a series of features that may explain the high potency of the mutant on the basis of the current model for the insulin-receptor interaction. These features are: a change in conformation of the C-terminal region of the B-chain, the absence of strong hydrogen bonds between this region and the rest of the molecule, and a relatively easy accessibility to the Val(A3) residue. 相似文献
8.
Y Ohe ER Podack KJ Olsen Y Miyahara K Miura H Saito Y Koishihara Y Ohsugi T Ohira K Nishio 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,67(5):939-944
HuIL-6 cDNA, cloned into a neomycin resistant conferring expression vector, BMGNeo, was transfected into Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells. LLC cells (5 x 10(6) ml-1) transfected with IL-6 cDNA (LLC-IL6) secreted IL-6 into the culture supernatant at a concentration of 9.9 ng ml-1 within 48 h. When 1,000,000 of untransfected LLC, BMGNeo vector transfected LLC (LLC-Neo) or LLC-IL6 cells were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously, the mean +/- s.d. of survival times of these mice were 33.3 +/- 9.7, 34.3 +/- 7.1 and 17.0 +/- 3.1 days, respectively. The survival time of LLC-IL6 cells transplanted mice was significantly shorter than that of LLC (P < 0.01) or LLC-Neo (P < 0.01) cells transplanted mice without a measurable difference of tumour size. Plasma concentration of IL-6 steadily increased in LLC-IL6 transplanted mice. Body weight and serum albumin were significantly lower in LLC-IL6 transplanted mice than in LLC transplanted mice. Mouse IL-1 alpha and mouse TNF-alpha were not detected in the plasma of LLC-IL6 transplanted mice. These data suggested that secretion of IL-6 from LLC cells was unable to alter net tumour growth rate but rather caused a state similar to cachexia without detectable increase of IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha in the plasma. This state may be responsible for the shortened survival of LLC-IL6 tumour-bearing mice. 相似文献
9.
Amit Chourasia Steve Cutchin Yifeng Cui Reagan W Moore Kim Olsen Steven M Day J Bernard Minster Philip Maechling Thomas H Jordan 《Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE》2007,27(5):28-34
This study focuses on the visualization of a series of large earthquake simulations collectively called TeraShake. The simulation series aims to assess the impact of San Andreas Fault earthquake scenarios in Southern California. We discuss the role of visualization in gaining scientific insight and aiding unexpected discoveries. 相似文献
10.
Gang Guo Guangli Liu Karsten E. Thompson 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2003,190(12):1641-1660
Many engineering problems require the estimation of mass transfer coefficients in porous materials. In heterogeneous materials or in cases where mass transfer sites are not spatially uniform, empirical equations for mass transfer coefficients vary widely, and the origin of these differences is not well understood. In this article, we use a stochastic algorithm to model mass transfer from single particles in a two-dimensional heterogeneous packed bed. The computed mass transfer coefficients are used to generate a distribution of local Peclet numbers in the bed. Detailed hydrodynamics are then used to interpret variations in the local Peclet number. The results show clear relationships between pore structure, streamline patterns, and mass transfer rates. 相似文献