The potential protection of
Picea glehnii seedlings from damping-off by seed-epiphytic
Penicillium species was investigated. We studied the chemical response of seed-epiphytic
Penicillium species (
Pen. cyaneum,
Pen. damascenum, and
Pen. implicatum) to
Pythium vexans, a damping-off fungus,
in vitro.
Penicillium species were cultured singly or cocultured with
Pyt. vexans for 14 or 18 d, and mycelial growth, pH of culture filtrate, antifungal activity of the culture filtrate against
Pyt. vexans, and the amount of antifungal compound produced by each
Penicillium species, were examined. The filtrate of both the single culture of
Penicillium and the coculture of
Penicillium and
Pyt. vexans showed antifungal activity against
Pyt. vexans. In a coculture with
Pyt. vexans,
Pen. cyaneum produced an antifungal compound (patulin) as in the single culture.
Pen. damascenum cocultured with
Pyt. vexans produced an antifungal compound (citrinin), as it did in the single culture and in larger amounts on day 10.
Pen. implicatum produced two antifungal compounds, frequentin and palitantin, and the ratio of frequentin (with higher antifungal activity than palitantin) to palitantin was higher in the coculture with
Pyt. vexans than in the single culture. Our results indicate that these
Penicillium species have the ability to produce antifungal compounds and to keep antifungal activity under competitive condition with
Pyt. vexans. The chemical response of these
Penicillium species to
Pyt. vexans may contribute to protect
P. glehnii seedlings from damage by
Pyt. vexans.
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