Radiophotoluminescence phenomena have been widely investigated on various types of materials for dosimetry applications. We report that an aluminoborosilicate glass containing 0.005 mol% copper exhibits intense photoluminescence in the visible region induced by X-ray and γ-ray irradiation. The luminescence is assigned to the 3d94s1 → 3d10 transition of Cu+. The proportionality of the intensity of the induced photoluminescence to the irradiation dose was confirmed up to 0.5 kGy using 60Co γ-ray irradiation. Based on the spectroscopic results, a potential mechanism was proposed for the enhancement of the photoluminescence. The exposure to the ionizing radiation generates electron-hole pairs in the glass, and the electrons are subsequently captured by the Cu2+ ions, which are converted to Cu+ and emit the luminescence. For the glass containing 0.01 mol% copper, the pronounced enhancement of the photoluminescence was not observed because the reverse reaction, ie, the capture of the holes by the Cu+ ions, becomes prominent. The photoluminescence induced by the irradiation was stably observed for the glasses kept at room temperature and even for the glasses heat-treated at 150°C. However, the induced photoluminescence could be eliminated by the heat treatment at a temperature at 500°C, and the glass returned to the initial pre-irradiation state. The Cu-doped aluminoborosilicate glass is a potential candidate for use in dosimetry applications. 相似文献
Phase equilibria in the Ta-Co-O and Nb-Co-O systems have been studied at 1200°C at oxygen partial pressures from 10−0.68 to 10−13.50 atm for the former and from 10−0.68 to 10−13.30 atm for the latter. In both systems, M2CoO6 and M2Co4O9 are stable ternary compounds under the experimental conditions, and a new phase, Nb5Co2O14, has been identified. The Ta-Co-O system is simple, whereas the Nb-Co-O system is somewhat more complicated because of the extra phase. The lattice constants of the ternary compounds have been determined and compared with previous values. The standard Gibbs energies of reactions have been determined using oxygen partial pressures in equilibrium with three solid phases. 相似文献
We observed change in distance between two droplets in each step after application of large multi-step shear strains. Experiments were performed using a sliding plate apparatus. Large step shear strains were applied to two polyisobutylene droplets in poly(dimethyl siloxane) matrix in the same plane between the plates. The distance between the two droplets decreases with increasing the total shear strain, which is given by the product of the step strain magnitude and the number of application of the step strains. The two droplets coalesce when the distance becomes less than the diameter of the droplets. The slope for plots of the distance versus the total strain is independent of the step strain magnitude. This indicates that the effect per unit strain on the distance is the same, irrespective of the strain magnitude. It is suggested that a stronger hydrodynamic interaction between the droplets is the main cause for the droplet approach. 相似文献
A high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x with strong pinning force has allowed stable magnetic suspension with no control to be developed. Two types of superconducting magnetic bearings (SMB) using YBCO and permanent magnet were assembled. The two types are radial and axial. The dynamic stiffness of each SMB as it was cooled down under a magnetic field by liquid nitrogen was measured both radially and axially. As a result, it was found that the spring constants of these SMBs were almost as large as a practically desirable value; however, their damping coefficients were lower than the practical level. These findings are useful as one of the data bases for development of an optimum SMB design to support the weight of rotors in an axial direction. 相似文献
We have investigated the IR reflectional properties of the three-hold cytrogical surface layer (kutchikura layer on silicate layer n(SiO2) on silicate cellulose layer C6H10SixOy) and that of chlorophyll, a(C55H72MgN4O5) etc., present in bladder's cells by using our experimental method. From analysis of three set of anisotropical reflection spectra assigned as due to CO, SiO and NC surface oscillators contained in the cytrogical cells and measured at 2500 2200 cm?1, 1200 700 cm?1 and at 700 200 cm?1 regions, we have confirmed some important results. One is their quantized directional distributions that of the numbers of fine step spectrum and that of the reflection integrals of these spectra. Here, that of the NC oscillators were found to distribute in pentagonal directions relating to the molecular structure of chlorophyll. Second, we confirmed the pecularity of eight fine step-series measured in these sensitive spectra comparing with that of bamboo's seven series. Third, from analysis of the stepnized variation of the “reflection integrals”, we estimated the origin of this effect as which is presumably due to statistical, transfer of the 2p4 valence electrons etc. in the oxygen atoms from C=O, Si=O double bonding side upto the shallower quantized states, E(N,J) which were formed softly around the and surface oscillators. And these surface oscillators were confirmed as to make photo-chemical reaction process by receiving energy higher than ~24 m eV especially under the illumination of sunshine etc. 相似文献
Summary: Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) particles with micro‐size ranges (0.15–2 μm) were prepared by emulsion and dispersion polymerizationa and in supercritical carbon dioxide media. The PAN particles were blended with Nylon 6 (PA6) at 220 °C by using a miniature mixer; it was found that melt‐mixing was possible for PAN‐rich compositions as high as 70 wt.‐%. Blends were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR, viscosity measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The size and shape of original PAN particles were retained in PAN/PA6 blends. The useful range to blend PAN particles size was less than 1 μm in terms of shape retention of the PAN particles in blends. Blends with 40 wt.‐% PAN content were found to be melt‐processable. The elastic modulus was higher for PAN/PA6 blends than pure PA6.
SEM photograph of PAN‐SC/PA6 blend with a 40/60 weight ratio. 相似文献
Summary Since the long-chain fatty acid sucrose diesters inevitably produced in the synthesis of monoesters are only slightly soluble
in water, no important use can be found for them at the present time except as oilsoluble emulsifying agents.
In order to exploit new uses we have attempted to improve their solubility in water by introducing oxyethylene radicals into
the molecule.
The addition reaction of ethylene oxide with the sucrose diesters was carried out in an autoclave in the presence of alkaline
catalysts. With the reaction temperature maintained between 100–130° the pressure decreased as the reaction proceeded, and
one to two hours were required to consume the ethylene oxide used.
The addition products are yellow or orange oily materials soluble in water. Aqueous solutions showed good surface-active properties. 相似文献