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排序方式: 共有612条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Daria Siciliano Kerstin Wasson Donald C. Potts R.C. Olsen 《Remote sensing of environment》2008,112(11):4020-4033
Nutrient enrichment and eutrophication are major concerns in many estuarine and wetland ecosystems, and the need is urgent for fast, efficient, and synoptic ways to detect and monitor nutrients in wetlands and other coastal systems across multiple spatial and temporal scales. We integrated three approaches in a multi-disciplinary evaluation of the potential for using hyperspectral imaging as a tool to assess nutrient enrichment and vegetation responses in tidal wetlands. For hyperspectral imaging to be an effective tool, spectral signatures must vary in ways correlated with water nutrient content either directly, or indirectly via such proxies as vegetation responses to elevated nitrogen. Working in Elkhorn Slough, central California, where intensive farming practices generate considerable runoff of fertilizers and pesticides, we looked first for long- and short-term trends among temporally ephemeral point data for nutrients and other water quality characters collected monthly at 18 water sampling stations since 1988. Second, we assessed responses of the dominant wetland plant, Salicornia virginica (common pickleweed) to two fertilizer regimes in 0.25 m2 experimental plots, and measured changes in tissue composition (C, H, N), biomass, and spectral responses at leaf and at canopy scales. Third, we used HyMap hyperspectral imagery (126 bands; 15–19 nm spectral resolution; 2.5 m spatial resolution) for a synoptic assessment of the entire wetland ecosystem of Elkhorn Slough. We mapped monospecific Salicornia patches (~ 56–500 m2) on the ground adjacent to the 18 regular water sampling sites, and then located these patches in the hyperspectral imagery to correlate long-term responses of larger patches to water nutrient regimes. These were used as standards for correlating plant canopy spectral responses with nitrogen variation described by the water sampling program. There were consistent positive relationships between nitrogen levels and plant responses in both the field experiment and the landscape analyses. Two spectral indices, the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and Derivative Chlorophyll Index (DCI), were correlated significantly with water nutrients. We conclude that hyperspectral imagery can be used to detect nutrient enrichment across three spatial and at least two temporal scales, and suggest that more quantitative information could be extracted with further research and a greater understanding of physiological and physical mechanisms linking water chemistry, plant properties and spectral imaging characteristics. 相似文献
2.
3.
Petr A. Nikrityuk Kerstin Eckert Roger Grundmann 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2006,37(3):349-359
This paper presents a numerical study of the Lorentz force and fluid flow induced by a rotating magnetic field in a medium
with a nonhomogeneous electric conductivity placed in a cylindrical vessel with insulated walls. The nonhomogeneity is modeled
by the presence of a solid and a liquid phase of different electrical conductivity. The solid phase is located orthogonally
to the axis of rotation, which corresponds to the case of unidirectional solidification. The simulations were performed for
different locations of the solid front and different ratios of the electrical conductivity, σ
s
/σ
l
=0.2... 10. Here σ
s
and σ
l
are the electric conductivity of the solid and liquid phases, respectively. The results showed that the difference between
electrical conductivity of solid and liquid phases has a noticeable effect on the mean-time Lorentz force and the velocity:
namely, the presence of the solid phase (σ
s
>σ
l
) leads to an increase of the Lorentz force and fluid flow in the cylinder. 相似文献
4.
In model tests hazelnuts, soy beans and wheat were fumigated with phosphine (PH3) at non constant concentrations. The influence of different concentration characteristics on the fumigation and the decomposition of phosphine residues was investigated in accordance with the fumigation technique. At the beginning the concentration increases, and after attaining the maximum gradually decreases to zero. The level of residues during the fumigation as well as the behaviour of residues during the storage of the fumigated products was monitored with a gas chromatographic method. The residues correlate with the concentration of phosphine, they also pass through a peak. The rate of decomposition of residues which had been formed in the phase of increasing concentration is greater than the rate of residues of equal magnitude which had been formed during the decreasing phase. When the concentration is even the maximum residue occurs later than the maximum concentration; when there is a steep trend both maximums coincide. This behaviour can be explained by the sorption and diffusion of phosphine. A comparison is made with the phosphine concentration which occurs during fumigation in practice. The parameters which produce a constant concentration trend with only one maximum and a non constant trend with an often increasing and decreasing concentration are discussed. The different behaviour of residues in these cases is described. Conclusions are drawn for the practice of fumigation. 相似文献
5.
Carsten Carstensen Kerstin Weinberg 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2003,56(15):2313-2330
Adaptive algorithms are important tools for efficient finite‐element mesh design. In this paper, an error controlled adaptive mesh‐refining algorithm is proposed for a non‐conforming low‐order finite‐element method for the Reissner–Mindlin plate model. The algorithm is controlled by a reliable and efficient residual‐based a posteriori error estimate, which is robust with respect to the plate's thickness. Numerical evidence for this and the efficiency of the new algorithm is provided in the sense that non‐optimal convergence rates are optimally improved in our numerical experiments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Kerstin Skog Åsa Eneroth & Maria Svanberg 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2003,38(3):313-323
Hamburgers and chicken fillets were cooked in convection ovens, deep‐fried or contact fried and analysed for mutagenic activity using the Ames test. For the three different convection ovens, the cooking parameters studied included the presence of steam, air velocity, air temperature and holding time. For deep‐frying and contact frying, the cooking parameters included cooking temperature and cooking time. In cooked hamburgers, mutagenic activity was only detected in those that had been deep‐fried. In chicken fillets, mutagenic activity was detected in samples prepared with all cooking methods, being highest in the deep‐fried samples. Factorial analysis indicated that heat transfer was the most important factor affecting mutagenic activity. High temperature and high air velocity in the convection ovens enhanced mutagenic activity. The presence of steam reduced the mutagenic activity, except when high temperature was used in combination with high air velocity. In chicken fillets, high mutagenic activity correlated to high weight loss during cooking. Pan‐fried chicken fillets were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f ]‐quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo‐[4,5‐b]‐pyridine (PhIP) and the co‐mutagenic heterocyclic amine Norharman (9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]‐indole) were identified. The HPLC fractions were tested for mutagenic activity and, apart from the mutagenic fractions corresponding to MeIQx and PhIP, several mutagenic fractions were detected that did not correspond to known heterocyclic amines. 相似文献
7.
Several ways to produce microporous and mesoporous carbon monoliths by template assisted synthesis routes are described. Pressed zeolite (HY) and silica powder tablets have been used as templates. Sucrose acts as a carbon precursor and as a binder between the carbon particles as well. In the case of zeolite template, the carbon porosity could be increased by additional loading of the template with ethene. Due to the balance between mechanic stability and porosity of the carbon monolith, an optimal amount of sucrose is required. The final products were characterized by low temperature nitrogen adsorption. 相似文献
8.
Siegfried Noack und Richard Wohlgemuth 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1985,180(2):101-108
Zusammenfassung In Modellversuchen wurden Haselnüsse, Sojabohnen und Weizen bei zeitlich nicht konstanter Konzentration mit Phosphin begast. Dabei wurden — in Anlehnung an die Begasungspraxis —verschiedene Konzentrationsverläufe mit zunächst ansteigender und nach Überschreiten eines Maximums wieder abfallender PH3-Konzentration hinsichtlich des Einflusses auf die Rückstandsbildung bzw. den Rückstandsabbau untersucht. Die Rückstandshöhe während der Begasung als auch das Rückstandsverhalten bei der anschließenden Lagerung der behandelten Produkte wurde mit einem gaschromatographischen Verfahren überwacht. Die sich bildenden Phosphin-Rückstände folgen dabei der Tendenz nach dem Konzentrationsprofil, sie durchlaufen ebenfalls ein Maximalwert. Rückstände, die in der Phase der ansteigenden Konzentration entstehen, bauen jedoch bei der Lagerung schneller ab als gleich hohe Rückstände, die sich in der Zeit der absinkenden Konzentration bilden. Bei sehr flach verlaufender Konzentration tritt der Maximal-Rückstand gegenüber dem Konzentrationsmaximum zeitlich verzögert auf, bei sehr steilem Konzentrationsverlauf fallen beide Maxima zusammen. Die Vorgänge lassen sich durch das Diffusions- und Sorptionsverhalten des Phosphins begründen. Es wird ein Vergleich mit dem Konzentrationsverlauf bei Praxisbegasungen geführt. Die Einflüsse, die ein stetiges Konzentrationsprofil mit nur einem Maximum bzw. einen Verlauf mit häufig steigender und fallender Konzentration bedingen, werden erläutert und das in beiden Fällen unterschiedliche Rückstandsverhalten untersucht und diskutiert. Schlußfolgerungen für die Begasungspraxis werden gezogen.
Gefördert im Rahmen einer Sachbeihilfe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft an Dr. R. Wohlgemuth, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Vorratsschutz, Berlin-Dahlem, zum Thema: Untersuchungen zum Einfluß verschiedener Parameter auf die Rückstandsbildung bei der Begasung von Lebensmitteln gegen Schädlinge 相似文献
Phosphine residues in hazelnuts, soybeans, and wheat after fumigation with non constant cocentrations
Summary In model tests hazelnuts, soy beans and wheat were fumigated with phosphine (PH3) at non constant concentrations. The influence of different concentration characteristics on the fumigation and the decomposition of phosphine residues was investigated in accordance with the fumigation technique. At the beginning the concentration increases, and after attaining the maximum gradually decreases to zero. The level of residues during the fumigation as well as the behaviour of residues during the storage of the fumigated products was monitored with a gaschromatographic method. The residues correlate with the concentration of phosphine, they also pass through a peak. The rate of decomposition of residues which had been formed in the phase of increasing concentration is greater than the rate of residues of equal magnitude which had been formed during the decreasing phase. When the concentration is even the maximum residue occurs later than the maximum concentration; when there is a steep trend both maximums coincide. This behaviour can be explained by the sorption and diffusion of phosphine. A comparison is made with the phosphine concentration which occurs during fumigation in practice. The parameters which produce a constant concentration trend with only one maximum and a non constant trend with an often increasing and decreasing concentration are discussed. The different behaviour of residues in these cases is described. Conclusions are drawn for the practice of fumigation.
Gefördert im Rahmen einer Sachbeihilfe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft an Dr. R. Wohlgemuth, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Vorratsschutz, Berlin-Dahlem, zum Thema: Untersuchungen zum Einfluß verschiedener Parameter auf die Rückstandsbildung bei der Begasung von Lebensmitteln gegen Schädlinge 相似文献
9.
Jan H. Dring Julian Schrter Jerome Jüngling Saskia Biskup Kerstin A. Klotz Thomas Bast Tobias Dietel G. Christoph Korenke Sophie Christoph Heiko Brennenstuhl Guido Rubboli Rikke S. Mller Gaetan Lesca Yves Chaix Stefan Klker Georg F. Hoffmann Johannes R. Lemke Steffen Syrbe 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Pathogenic variants in KCNA2, encoding for the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.2, have been identified as the cause for an evolving spectrum of neurological disorders. Affected individuals show early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and movement disorders resulting from cerebellar dysfunction. In addition, individuals with a milder course of epilepsy, complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia, and episodic ataxia have been reported. By analyzing phenotypic, functional, and genetic data from published reports and novel cases, we refine and further delineate phenotypic as well as functional subgroups of KCNA2-associated disorders. Carriers of variants, leading to complex and mixed channel dysfunction that are associated with a gain- and loss-of-potassium conductance, more often show early developmental abnormalities and an earlier onset of epilepsy compared to individuals with variants resulting in loss- or gain-of-function. We describe seven additional individuals harboring three known and the novel KCNA2 variants p.(Pro407Ala) and p.(Tyr417Cys). The location of variants reported here highlights the importance of the proline(405)–valine(406)–proline(407) (PVP) motif in transmembrane domain S6 as a mutational hotspot. A novel case of self-limited infantile seizures suggests a continuous clinical spectrum of KCNA2-related disorders. Our study provides further insights into the clinical spectrum, genotype–phenotype correlation, variability, and predicted functional impact of KCNA2 variants. 相似文献
10.
Kerstin A. Kessel Christian Bohn Uwe Engelmann Dieter Oetzel Nina Bougatf Rolf Bendl Jürgen Debus Stephanie E. Combs 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2014
In radiation oncology, where treatment concepts are elaborated in interdisciplinary collaborations, handling distributed, large heterogeneous amounts of data efficiently is very important, yet challenging, for an optimal treatment of the patient as well as for research itself. This becomes a strong focus, as we step into the era of modern personalized medicine, relying on various quantitative data information, thus involving the active contribution of multiple medical specialties. Hence, combining patient data from all involved information systems is inevitable for analyses. Therefore, we introduced a documentation and data management system integrated in the clinical environment for electronic data capture. We discuss our concept and five-year experience of a precise electronic documentation system, with special focus on the challenges we encountered. We specify how such a system can be designed and implemented to plan, tailor and conduct (multicenter) clinical trials, ultimately reaching the best clinical performance, and enhancing interdisciplinary and clinical research. 相似文献