Tribological Investigation of AZ91/SiC Magnesium Hybrid Composite under Dry,Oil and Nanofluids Lubricating Conditions

Silicon - In present research AZ91D/SiC composites were developed using advanced vacuum assisted stir casting process. The tribological properties of AZ91D/SiC composites under dry, oil and...     

Aspects of Infant Food Formulation

ABSTRACT: Milk is a biological fluid of exceptional complexity. It contains the nutrients for the growth and development of the newborn. The compositional structure of milk is, however, dependent on the species and tailored to sustain growth and development of its own offspring. Human milk contains specific proteins, lipids, and other components designed to be easily digestible and which have important roles to play in child development. Human infants should ideally be nursed on mother's milk, which constitutes nature's best food. However, in the event of lactation failure, insufficient milk secretion, and where mothers are suffering from transmittable diseases, human milk substitutes serve as savers of precious life during vulnerable stages of infancy. Bovine milk as such or with certain modifications has been widely used for infant feeding. There has been an ever‐increasing reliance on formula feeding practices both in developed and developing countries. Bovine milk based dried formulations have become a prominent feature of infantile dietetics. Emphasis has been laid on the manufacture of formulations having compositional and biochemical characteristics similar to human milk. The technological advancement for the production of infant formula has come a long way in the manufacture of a variety of infant formulae for the dietary management of infants. This is a comprehensive review providing insight on the detailed compositional differences of various nutrients present in human milk as compared to bovine milk, their makeup, significance, and recommended levels of intake that are best suited for the growth and development of infants fed on modified/prepared infant formulations.     

A cross-national study of young female consumer behaviour,innovativeness and apparel evaluation: China and India

Abstract

In order to advance our knowledge about consumers’ shopping behaviour and preferences in two emerging markets (China and India), the current study was undertaken to investigate (1) apparel consumers’ shopping behaviour; (2) the effect of consumer innovativeness, and (3) the salient impact of apparel evaluative cues. An online self-administered survey consisted of shopping behavioural questions, the Domain Specific Innovativeness (DSI) scale, 12 apparel cues, and demographic questions were used for this study. In total, 266 and 236 usable data were collected from Chinese and Indian female participants respectively. The findings indicated that Chinese and Indian fashion innovators tended to spend more money on new clothes than non-innovators. Chinese fashion innovators spent significantly more time shopping online than did Indian innovators. In terms of the importance of evaluative cues, fashion innovators and non-innovators in both countries considered fit to be the most important cue; style, colour, and comfort played a relatively important role in clothing evaluation as well, but ease of care and durability were cited as relatively less important among many other cues. The two least important cues were brand name and country of origin.     

Optimization and Effect of Reinforcements on the Sliding Wear Behavior of Self-Lubricating AZ91D-SiC-Gr Hybrid Composites

Silicon - This article statistically investigates the effect of various parameters such as material factors: silicon carbide (SiC) fraction, graphite (Gr) fraction and mechanical factors: normal...     

Formulation and characterization of taste masked ondansetron–magnesium aluminum silicate adsorption systems

Context: Taste masking greatly influences the acceptability of bitter tasting formulation; moreover, it governs the commercial and therapeutic success of drug products.

Objective: This work is directed toward masking the bitter taste of ondansetron HCl (ONS) utilizing the excipient, which can delay the reach of drug to the taste buds.

Material and methods: Magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum F), a clay material having capability to adsorb the drugs onto it, was used. The adsorption systems of ONS with Veegum were obtained by dynamic adsorption technique and examined by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for morphology, thermal behavior, and interactions. The taste assessment of prepared systems was done by in vitro method based on drug release.

Results: The molecular interaction between ONS and Veegum in the system was revealed by FTIR spectroscopy. A change in thermal behavior of the system was observed owing to interaction or replacement of the cationic groups of Veegum with that of ONS. XRD studies revealed that the prepared system was having lower crystallinity as compared to ONS. The in vitro drug release study showed that ONS release from the system was relatively slow in basic environment than the acidic one.

Discussion: Adsorption of ONS on the surface of Veegum was mainly due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.

Conclusion: The experimental results reveal the successful intercalation of ONS into the space available between the layers of Veegum. Furthermore, this resulted in a control on drug release in salivary pH resulting in a concentration lower than bitterness threshold.     

Machine Learning-Based Erosion Behavior of Silicon Carbide Reinforced Polymer Composites

Silicon - The machine learning methodology is gaining immense exposure as a potential methodology for solving and modelling the machining behaviour of advanced materials. The present paper deals...