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排序方式: 共有291条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
M Kanayama BW Cunningham JC Weis LM Parker K Kaneda PC McAfee 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,79(11):1710-1720
We investigated the temporal relationship among the biomechanical, radiographic, and histological properties of a posterolateral spinal fusion mass to elucidate the changes in load-sharing of the spinal instrumentation and that of the fusion mass throughout the healing process. Destabilization of the posterior spinal column and transpedicular screw fixation at the segments between the third and fourth and the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae was performed in twenty-four sheep. A posterolateral spinal arthrodesis with use of autologous corticocancellous bone graft was done randomly at one of the two segments; the other segment (without bone graft) served as the instrumented control. Six animals each were killed at four, eight, twelve, and sixteen weeks postoperatively. Biomechanical testing showed that the posterolateral fusion mass had increased mechanical stiffness after the fourth week. The strain on the hardware, measured with use of rods instrumented with strain-gauges, decreased significantly (p < 0.01) beginning at eight weeks. Radiographically, three independent observations of each of the six animals at each time-period showed that, although all of the fusion masses were considered solid unions at sixteen weeks, bridging of trabecular bone was noted during only ten of eighteen observations at twelve weeks, three of eighteen observations at eight weeks, and none of eighteen observations at four weeks. Computerized tomography and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that mineralization in the fusion mass increased in a linear fashion even after eight weeks. Histologically, the fusion mass consisted predominantly of woven bone at eight weeks; thereafter, it was gradually trabeculated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We found a great discrepancy between biomechanical stability and histological maturation of the posterolateral fusion mass. The biomechanical properties of a stable spinal fusion preceded the radiographic appearance of a solid fusion by at least eight weeks, suggesting that immature woven bone provided substantial stiffness to the fusion mass. The spinal instrumentation was subjected predominantly to bending stress rather than to axial stress, and the load-sharing of the spinal instrumentation decreased concurrently with the development of the spinal fusion. 相似文献
2.
尖晶石纳米催化剂应用于烯丙醇多相氧化制烯丙醛或烯丙酮 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
使用共沉淀法通过Ru对MeFe2O4的同晶取供制备了纳米级MnFe1.95Ru0.05O4催化剂。在通过过渡金属进一步改性该催化剂的过程中,发现MnFe1.95Ru0.05O4的催化剂性能优异于文献报道的其他多相醇氧化催化剂,XRD测试表明该催化剂仍保持尖晶石结构。该纳米催化剂能有效地将不同烯丙醇类氧化成烯丙醛类或烯丙酮类,与文献报道的其他多相氧化催化体系相比,该催化剂具有更高的活性转换数。借助于EXAFS等表征结果和1-辛醇与4-辛醇的竞争反应,判断出单核的Ru类反应的活性中心,EXAFS的表征同时表明由于Cu的添加而产生的Ru=0能加快反应速率。作者在此基础上提出反应机理,认为Ru在反应过程中形成醇化物,再经过β消除反应生成相应的醛或酮。 相似文献
3.
R. Usuki T. Suzuki Y. Endo T. Kaneda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1984,61(4):785-788
The quantities of chlorophyll (CHL) A and B, and pheophytin (PHY) A and B in 10 kinds of refined edible oils were estimated
by the fluorometric method. The results revealed that CHL and PHY were present in commercial edible oils. PHY A showed the
highest content at ca. 67% in total pigments. Compositional ratios of CHL and PHY were similar in different kinds of plant
oils. Through the analysis of rapessed oils at every refining step, we determined that PHY is not formed during oil refining.
In the autoxidation of soybean oils to which various amounts of CHL mixtures had been added, the peroxide value of tested
oils increased in proportion to the total chlorophyll content. In addition, the compositional changes of the 4 components
during autoxidation were investigated. 相似文献
4.
Antioxidant effects of chlorophyll and pheophytin on the autoxidation of oils in the dark. I. Comparison of the inhibitory effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yasushi Endo Richiro Usuki Takashi Kaneda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1985,62(9):1375-1378
The effects of chlorophyll and pheophytin on the autoxidation of oils in the dark were investigated by oven tests. The results
indicated that both chlorophyll and pheophytin show antioxidant activity when methyl linoleate is used as substrate. Furthermore,
chlorophyll retarded the oxidative deterioration of triglycerides in rapeseed and soybean oils at 30 C. Among the four chlorophyll
derivatives (chlorophylls a and b and pheophytins a and b), chlorophyll a showed the strongest antioxidant activity. The antioxidant
effects of chlorophyll and pheophytin depended on the storage temperature and the kinds of oil used as substrate. 相似文献
5.
Takaho Kaneda Toshio Katsura Kanji Nakagawa Hiroshi Makino Masao Horio 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1986,32(1):3151-3176
The polyimides based on 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) described in Part I of this series were dissolved in p-chlorophenol and spun into fibers using a coagulating bath of ethanol. The fibers as spun had in general low tenacities and low moduli, but a heat treatment at 300–500°C under tension produced a remarkable increase in strength and modulus, and fibers with a tensile strength of 26 g/den (3.1 GPa) and an initial modulus higher than 1,000 g/den (120 GPa) could be obtained. Thus, the annealed fibers of polyimides are comparable to aramid fibers in mechanical properties. To heating in air and in the saturated steam, the polyimide fibers showed higher resistance than the aramid fibers. The polyimide fibers surpassed the aramid fibers in resistance to acid treatment and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, but were inferior in resistance to alkali treatment. The annealed fibers of polyimides displayed distinct X-ray diffraction patterns. The chain repeat distance of 20.5 Å determined on the fibers of polyimide prepared from BPDA and o-tolidine, and 20.6 Å determined on the fibers of polyimide derived from BPDA and 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether are reasonable when the dimensions of monomeric units and the shapes of the molecular chains are considered. The X-ray reflections of both polyimide fibers were indexed satisfactorily on the basis of postulated unit cells. 相似文献
6.
Autoxidation of ethyl eicosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Soon-Yeong Cho Kazuo Miyashita Teruo Miyazawa Kenshiro Fujimoto Takashi Kaneda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1987,64(6):876-879
The extent of oxidation of ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) was compared quantitatively
with that of ethyl linoleate (Lo) and ethyl linolenate (Ln) by oxygen uptake and formation of conjugated diene, hydroperoxide
and secondary oxidation products. EPA and DHA esters were oxidized rapidly even at 5 C in the dark after an induction period
of 3–4 days, while the induction periods of Ln and Lo esters were 20 days and more than 60 days, respectively. Oxygen uptake
of EPA and DHA esters after the induction period was 5.2 and 8.5 times faster than that of ethyl Ln, respectively. Hydroperoxides
of EPA and DHA esters are much less stable than those of ethyl Lo. The peroxide value is not necessarily a good indication
of oxidation in these polyenoic acids because a considerable amount of secondary products is formed at the early stage of
oxidation. Polymers were found to be major secondary products in these polyenoic esters. 相似文献
7.
Yasushi Endo Riichiro Usuki Takashi Kaneda 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1985,62(9):1387-1390
To understand the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of chlorophyll on the autoxidation of oils in the dark, antioxidant
activities of several derivatives of chlorophyll were compared. Antioxidant activities were observed in chlorophyll derivatives
such as protopor-phyrin methyl ester and its magnesium chelated compound. Porphyrin seems to be an essential chemical structure
for the antioxidant activity of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll did not decompose the hydroperoxides, but reduced free radicals such
as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Electron spin resonance spectrum of the π-cation radical was recorded during the oxidation
of chlorophyll in methyl linoleate solution. These observations suggest that chlorophyll may act as a hydrogen donor to break
the chain reaction. 相似文献
8.
Copper-bearing deposits of China are statistically analyzed in terms of ore grade, metal amount and ore tonnage. Each of grade
and metal amount shows more or less a lognormal distribution. Analysis gives 10 copper metallogenic districts, each having
specific densities of deposit numbers and copper reserves larger than 3. Based on the ratio of copper in ore value (R
Cu), Chinese copper deposits are classified into two groups: mainly copper-producing deposits (MC: R
Cu⩾0.5) and accessorily copper-producing deposits (AC: R
Cu<0.5). The grade-tonnage relation of MC deposits can be combined by two exponential functions approximating high grade (>3.0%)
and low grade (<2.0%) parts. The critical copper grade, which is obtained from the low grade part of the relation, is 0.34%.
Chinese copper resources are concluded to become pessimistic, because some mines are working with grades close to this critical
value. Taking account of the fact that many copper deposits are actually polymetallic, Cu-equivalent grades, which are converted
from ratios of metal prices to the copper price, are also introduced. The critical Cu-equivalent grade of MC deposits (0.43%)
also suggests that Chinese copper resources are pessimistic. 相似文献
9.
An ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) is a graph representation of a Boolean function. In this paper, the size of ordered binary decision diagrams representing threshold functions is discussed. We consider two cases: the case when a variable ordering is given and the case when it is adaptively chosen. We show 1) O(2n/2) upper bound for both cases, 2) Ω(2n/2) lower bound for the former case and 3) Ω(n2√n/2) lower bound for the latter case. We also show some relations between the variable ordering and the size of OBDDs representing threshold functions. 相似文献
10.
The Earth Simulator (ES) is an SMP cluster system. There are two types of parallel programming models available on the ES. One is a flat programming model, in which a parallel program is implemented by MPI interfaces only, both within an SMP node and among nodes. The other is a hybrid programming model, in which a parallel program is written by using thread programming within an SMP node and MPI programming among nodes simultaneously. It is generally known that it is difficult to obtain the same high level of performance using the hybrid programming model as can be achieved with the flat programming model.
In this paper, we have evaluated scalability of the code for direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations on the ES. The hybrid programming model achieves the sustained performance of 346.9 Gflop/s, while the flat programming model achieves 296.4 Gflop/s with 16 PNs of the ES for a DNS problem size of 2563. For small scale problems, however, the hybrid programming model is not as efficient because of microtasking overhead. It is shown that there is an advantage for the hybrid programming model on the ES for the larger size problems. 相似文献