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1.
Y. L. Hao R. Yang M. Niinomi D. Kuroda Y. L. Zhou K. Fukunaga A. Suzuki 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(4):1007-1012
Alloys for implant devices require improved strength but a reduced Young’s modulus, in order to become mechanically more compatible
with adjacent bone tissues. In this study, a new metastable β-type titanium alloy, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (wt pct), was subjected to aging treatment to produce different microstructures,
and the resulting mechanical properties, including the Young’s modulus, were measured. The Young’s modulus of this alloy is
found to be sensitive to microstructures generated by various heat treatments. For microstructures varying from (α + β) to (α + β + ω) and (β + ω), the Young’s modulus increases with an accompanying increase in tensile strength and hardness, but decreases in ductility.
The (β + ω) microstructure has a low strength, high modulus, and poor ductility and cannot be used for biomedical applications. For
an (α + β) microstructure, the volume fraction of the phases is shown to be the main factor that determines the mechanical properties. 相似文献
2.
Bone mass measurements are essential in the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the monitoring of its progression, and the evaluation of therapeutical responses. Among various methods of bone mass measurements, single- and dual-X-ray absorptiometry, SXA and DXA, have shown excellent fundamental performance. In this paper, the principles of SXA and DXA; i.e., factors of fundamental performance, such as precision, data-acquisition, and radiation dose, the practice of DXA, recent advances in DXA, such as the lateral spine scan, the measurement of body composition, application to BMD measurement of the bones of small animals and at sites of metal implants, morphometry of the spine, and geometrical measurement in the proxial femur, and clinical applications to osteoporosis were particularly reviewed. 相似文献
3.
Hirokazu Ikeda Chikara Fukunaga Yutaka Saitoh Masahiro Inoue Junko Yamanaka 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1996,380(3):618-622
The radiation tolerance for prototype front-end chips designed for a silicon micro-strip detector was examined with a 60Co irradiation source to establish an allowable range of the radiation dose. The irradiated front-end chips were SMA2SH-64A, a 64-channel preamplifier array; SMA2SH-1, a single-channel preamplifier circuit with a comparator; and Control-C, a digital-control chip for the preamplifiers. 相似文献
4.
Structural changes in the Brill transitions of Nylon 10/10 and its model compounds have been investigated by carrying out the temperature-dependent measurements of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra along with the DSC measurement. The crystal structure at room temperature was found to be the so-called α form with the all-trans zigzag methylene segments. When the samples were heated, the infrared progression bands of the methylene segments, which are sensitive to the length of all-trans segmental parts, were found to change their spectral patterns in the transition temperature region: the progression bands decreased in intensity and disappeared above the transition region. At the same time several new bands were observed to appear, which were found to correspond to the progression bands of (CH2)7-(CH2)5trans-zigzag segments. These spectral changes indicate that the methylene segments were conformationally disordered by an invasion of some gauche bonds and as a result the effective length of trans-zigzag segments became shorter. This conformational disordering was found to occur more remarkably in the methylene segment of NH-(CH2)10-NH part than the CO-(CH2)8-CO part. At the same time the infrared bands of amide groups, in particular the bands sensitive to the twisting angles about the CH2-amide bonds were found to show the remarkable change, indicating the local conformational change from planar-zigzag to twisted form in the CH2-amide moiety. The frequency shift of amide A band (NH stretching mode) indicated a weakening of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which however, did not disappear up to the melting region. From these data combined with the X-ray diffraction data, the structural disordering in the Brill transition phenomena was deduced concretely. 相似文献
5.
Crystal phase transition between the low- and high-temperature phases has been investigated for ethylene (E)-tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) alternating copolymer (ETFE) containing the third monomeric species by the temperature dependent measurements of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry. Nonafluoro-1-hexene (NFH) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) were chosen as the third monomers, where they are different in the side-branch length, -(CF2)3CF3 and -CF3, respectively. In the case of E/TFE/NFH copolymer (ET-C4F9), the crystal phase transition temperature of the original ETFE two-components copolymer was not very much affected by the existence of NFH in the range of NFH content from 0.7 to 3 mol%. Contrarily, the crystal phase transition temperature of E/TFE/HFP copolymer (ET-CF3) was found to decrease drastically with increasing HFP content. The melting temperature and the higher-order structure were also affected sensitively depending on the HFP content. This difference in phase transition behavior between ET-C4F9 and ET-CF3 copolymers is reasonably interpreted as follows: the short side groups (-CF3) of HFP monomeric unit are included in the crystal lattice of E/TFE chains and the unit cell is expanded gradually with an increment of the HFP content, resulting in the decrease in phase transition point because of easier thermal motion of the chains. On the other hand, the long side groups [-(CF2)3CF3] of NFH monomeric units are excluded out of the crystal lattice and located on the lamellar surfaces or in the amorphous region and do not affect very much the phase transition temperature even when the NFH content is increased. In association with such a change in crystal structure, the long period of stacked lamellar structure was found to decrease remarkably in the case of NFH, whereas it does not change very much for HFP, consistent with the interpretation of the above-mentioned WAXD data. 相似文献
6.
Yuji Fukaishi Yoshihiro Ohta Kohji Higuchi Eiji Takegami Satoshi Tomioka Kosin Chamnongthai 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2012,17(1):1-6
A robust DC?CDC converter which can covers extensive load change and also input voltage changes with one controller is needed. Then the demand to suppress output voltage change becomes still severer. We propose an approximate 2-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) digital controller which realized start-up response and dynamic load response independently. The controller makes a control bandwidth wider, and at the same time makes variations of the output voltage small at sudden changes of a load and an input voltage. In this paper, a new approximate 2DOF digital control system with additional zeros is proposed. Using the additional zeros, the second-order differential transfer characteristics between equivalent disturbances and a output voltage are realized. Therefore, the new controller makes variations of the output voltage smaller and the sudden changes of the load and the input voltage. This controller is actually implement on a DSP and is connected to the DC?CDC converter. Experimental results demonstrate that this type of digital controller can satisfy given severe specifications with low frequency sampling. 相似文献
7.
Kazuo Yamana Masayasu Tokonami Kohji Nobugai Nobuo Morimoto† Mitsue Koizumi Isamu Shindo 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1981,64(3):43-c-
A birefringence of siliceous glass, which is coexisting with mullite crystals, was studied by an optical polarizing microscope. The cause of the birefringence was assumed to be the residual stress induced by a large contraction difference between the mullite and glass on cooling. The stress has been evaluated to be as high as—0.3 GPa, and to correspond to the elastic one which began to develop at the glass transition point. 相似文献
8.
Ji‐Sun Im Ju‐Hyung Lee Seung‐Kook An Ki‐Won Song Nam‐Ju Jo Jang‐Oo Lee Kohji Yoshinaga 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2006,100(3):2053-2061
A new type of polyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) hybrid composite films was prepared by blending polymer‐modified colloidal silica with the semiflexible polyimide. Polyimide was solution‐imidized at higher temperature than the glass transition temperature (Tg) using 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA). The morphological observation on the prepared hybrid films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pointed to the existence of miscible organic–inorganic phase, which resulted in improved mechanical properties compared with pure PI. The incorporation of the silica structures in the PI matrix also increased both Tg and thermal stability of the resulting films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2053–2061, 2006 相似文献
9.
Tetsuto Kanzaki Yo Ishikawa Nobuhiro Morisaki Kohji Shirai Yasushi Saito Sho Yoshida 《Lipids》1987,22(10):704-710
Studies were done on changes in phospholipid content and fatty acid composition of phospholipids and on the role of the acylation
pathway in synthesis of phospholipids in the development of abnormal fatty acid composition in the glomeruli of rats 2 and
10 mo after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. The proportions of individual phospholipids in the glomeruli of rats
were not changed 2 mo after induction of diabetes, but the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) decreased and that
of sphingomyelin increased 10 mo after induction of diabetes. In contrast, in liver the proportion of PE was increased and
that of phosphatidylcholine was decreased. These results showed that changes of individual phospholipids in glomeruli were
time-dependent and tissue-specific. Two mo after induction of diabetes, the main change in the phospholipid fatty acid composition
of diabetic glomeruli was a decrease in arachidonic acid (AA); the main change in serum free fatty acids (FFA) was an increase
in linoleic acid (LA) and a decrease in AA. Ten mo after induction of diabetes, the main changes in the phospholipid fatty
acid composition of glomeruli were an increase in LA and a decrease in AA; the main change of the serum FFA composition was
a decrease in AA. Thus, the fatty acid composition of glomerular phospholipids was not directly correlated to that of the
serum in diabetic rats. Acyl-CoA synthetase and acyltransferase activities increased in diabetic glomeruli with either AA
or LA as substrate, but activity toward LA increased more at 2 mo after induction of diabetes. Acyl-CoA synthetase activity
increased in diabetic glomeruli with LA as substrate, but that did not change with AA as substrate at 10 mo after induction
of diabetes. Furthermore, acyltransferase activity decreased in diabetic glomeruli with AA as substrate, although that did
not change with LA as substrate at 10 mo after induction of diabetes. 相似文献
10.
Hiroyuki Ikawa Hiromasa Shimojima Kazuyori Urabe Osamu Fukunaga 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(8):1899-1904
Axial and dilatometric thermal expansions and phase transformations were studied for solid solutions having the α-PbO2 structure in the ZrTiO4 —In2 O3 —M2 O5 (M = Sb, Ta) system with nominal formulas of Zr x Ti y In z Sb z O4 and Zr x Ti y In z Ta z O4 where x + y + 2 z = 2. With increased substitution of z , the cell volume increased, the difference in the b parameters at room temperature between those quenched from 1400° and 1000°C decreased, and the thermal expansion decreased. The axial thermal expansion of ZrTi y In z · Ta z O4 with z = 0.3 was almost identical with that of HfTiO4 , and those with z = 0.4 and z = 0.45 were smaller than that of HfTiO4 . Unit-cell volumes of these compound were compared with those of single oxides to make it clear that the unit-cell volume of ZrTiO4 was small anomalously and to distinguish the normal and abnormal substitution systems. These results were explained by the working hypothesis proposed for these compounds. 相似文献