Development of the technology for preparing and storing hydrogen with the use of nanostructured materials for an autonomous integrated wind power plant

This paper reports on the results of investigations into the design of an operating prototype of the power plant for the production and accumulation of hydrogen. The objective of this work is to develop technologies of intermediate storage of hydrogen with subsequent generation of an electric power due to the electrochemical processes occurring in fuel cells with an efficiency of no lower than 90%. The power plant is based on the wind power plant, which operates using an integrated software-hardware system for control over the power regime of the entire technological process. New membrane and catalytic materials prepared by the solgel method are used as functional components of fuel cells.     

Promising electromechanical energy converters based on new materials and coatings

The efficiency of new materials and the application of coatings for promising high-speed electromechanical energy converters has been estimated. A new basic model of miniturbogenerator intended for testing new materials and coatings has been developed. The experimental results obtained for pilot samples with different organic-silicate coatings show that the losses in the rotor decrease.     

Studying thin films obtained through centrifugation of the human blood serum by methods of spectral ellipsometry and infrared spectroscopy

Thin films obtained by centrifugation of blood serum of healthy people and people with viscera diseases are studied by methods of spectral ellipsometry and infrared spectroscopy. Physical properties of such films are found to depend on the bio-organic composition of blood serum, which, in turn, is determined by pathological processes proceeding in the human organism. It is of interest that spectral ellipsometry and infrared spectroscopy are suitable nondestructive express methods of screening, i.e., preliminary blood diagnostics for patients with viscera pathology. Ellipsometric data on specific features of formation of bio-organic coatings from blood serum of patients with diffuse pathology of liver, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus are validated by changes in the fine structure of infrared spectra.     

Ceramic nanocomposites based on oxides of transition metals for ionistors

Low-temperature synthesis methods are used to produce nanoceramic materials for electrodes of the following ionistors: (ZrO₂)_0.6(In₂O₃)_0.4, praseodymium cobaltite, as well as neodymium, lanthanum, and nickel chromites; they operate in the presence of an ion-conducting phosphorosilicate separator membrane and phosphate impregnation. Film electrodes of ionistors are fabricated that consist of nanocrystalline oxide materials deposited as a thin film on a porous electroconductive metal substrate, i.e., foamed nickel. The MnO₂-foamed nickel electrode has a specific capacity of 45.0 F g^?1, which is compared with that of industrial supercapacitors.     

Determination of the technological parameters for the sonochemical purification of oily water

Ultrasound allows for the significant intensification of modern technologies, providing for the reduction of their energy capacity and the improvement of the quality of the final product. An experimentally revealed essential increase in the activity of crystals obtained in a galvanocoagulator upon ultrasonic exposure allowed for the elaboration of a new technology for the purification of large amounts of polluted waters in special reaction vessels. At the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, a method for the purification of wastewaters from oil products and heavy metals using a galvanocoagulant as a reagent was developed. To realize this technique, flow drum reactors (galvanocoagulators) operating in a continuous mode by microferritization using magnetite, which is obtained by the electrochemical method directly in the rolling drums, are used.     

Phase transformation and dehydration of calcium sulphate dihydrate in solution studied by SEM

The transformation of separate crystals of CaSO₄·2H₂O (DH) into CaSO₄·O.5H₂O (HH) in an aqueous solution of H₃PO₄ and H₂SO₄ at 90–97°C was studied using a JSM-35CF SEM. The source DH and acids were reagent or commercial (taken from the production of H₃PO₄ by a wet process). DH was allowed to convert into HH and periodic samples of the suspension were drawn, filtered, and investigated in the solid phase by SEM. It was shown that the dehydration of reagent DH specimens occurred through the recrystallization mechanism, whereas the transformation of commercial DH into HH was basically topochemical and developed by a relay race mechanism without any phase transformation front. The observed difference between commercial and reagent DH specimens may be explained by differences in their crystalline structure, initial particle size and by the presence of impurities in DH and acids. It is established that chemical impurities can change the mechanism of the phase transformation of the crystals DH into HH.