238C防盗报警系统的改进

漯河中波台自安装238C防盗报警系统以来,多次出现误报现象,严重影响了发射及其他工作的正常进行。首先对该系统的工作原理进行了简单介绍,然后对误报故障现象进行了分析、处理,并改进了电路设计中存在的不足。改进后的运行数据表明,系统误报率明显下降,达到了预期的目的。最后,对本系统的设计提出了进一步完善的建议。     

An integrated safety prognosis model for complex system based on dynamic Bayesian network and ant colony algorithm

In complex industrial system, most of single faults have multiple propagation paths, so any local slight deviation is able to propagate, spread, accumulate and increase through system fault causal chains. It will finally result in unplanned outages and even catastrophic accidents, which lead to huge economic losses, environmental contamination, or human injuries. In order to ensure system intrinsic safety and increase operational performance and reliability in a long period, this study proposes an integrated safety prognosis model (ISPM) considering the randomness, complexity and uncertainty of fault propagation.ISPM is developed based on dynamic Bayesian networks to model the propagation of faults in a complex system, integrating the priori knowledge of the interactions and dependencies among subsystems, components, and the environment of the system, as well as the relationships between fault causes and effects. So the current safety state and potential risk of system can be assessed by locating potential hazard origins and deducing corresponding possible consequences. Furthermore, ISPM is also developed to predict the future degradation trend in terms of future reliability or performance of system, and provide proper proactive maintenance plans. Ant colony algorithm is introduced in ISPM by comprehensively considering two factors as probability and severity of faults, to perform the quantitative risk estimation of the underlining system. The feasibility and benefits of ISPM are investigated with a field case study of gas turbine compressor system. According to the outputs given by ISPM in the application, proactive maintenance, safety-related actions and contingency plans are further discussed and then made to keep the system in a high reliability and safety level in the long term.     

甲苯歧化装置紧急泄压工况的模拟研究

循环氢中断是甲苯歧化装置中十分严重的事故,通常设置有针对该工况的紧急泄压停车系统(ESD)。在保证装置在较短时间内完成泄压的同时,必须确保设备和催化剂的安全,因此确定一个适当的泄压速度尤为重要。紧急泄压是一种动态的过程,本文利用DYNSIM动态模拟软件,以180万吨/年甲苯歧化装置为研究对象,建立该装置氢气循环反应系统的动态模型,利用该模型研究了紧急泄压工况下泄压速度对装置操作参数的影响。通过调整动态模型中控制阀的开度,实现对不同泄压速度的模拟,考察了泄压速度与泄压时间和反应进出料换热器温降速率的关系,验证了反应器压差的变化趋势。模拟结果显示,泄压速度与泄压时间成反比关系、与反应进出料换热器的温降速率成正比关系,紧急泄压工况反应器压差会大幅度下降。在此基础上得出了较优的泄放流量,可用于泄压限流孔板的设计,保证反应系统的安全运行。     

基于特征相位段的柴油机活塞缸套磨损故障诊断

在柴油机缸盖振动信号中，活塞缸套磨损的特征信号通常被燃烧爆发、气阀关闭及相邻缸的振动所淹没。通过分析振动信号各成份在一个周期内的分布情况，提取了干扰较少的排气冲程阶段信号，并在消除了相邻缸的振动影响后，作为活塞缸套磨损的特征相位段。选取峰峰值、平均振值等6个参数作为诊断特征参数，建立了诊断模型。实例表明，该方法能够有效地诊断出柴油机活塞缸套的磨损故障。     

An integrated qualitative and quantitative modeling framework for computer‐assisted HAZOP studies

The article proposes a novel practical framework for computer‐assisted hazard and operability (HAZOP) that integrates qualitative reasoning about system function with quantitative dynamic simulation in order to facilitate detailed specific HAZOP analysis. The practical framework is demonstrated and validated on a case study concerning a three‐phase separation process. The multilevel flow modeling (MFM) methodology is used to represent the plant goals and functions. First, means‐end analysis is used to identify and formulate the intention of the process design in terms of components, functions, objectives, and goals on different abstraction levels. Based on this abstraction, qualitative functional models are constructed for the process. Next MFM‐specified causal rules are extended with systems specific features to enable proper reasoning. Finally, systematic HAZOP analysis is performed to identify safety critical operations, its causes and consequences. The outcome is a qualitative hazard analysis of selected process deviations from normal operations and their consequences as input to a traditional HAZOP table. The list of unacceptable high risk deviations identified by the qualitative HAZOP analysis is used as input for rigorous analysis and evaluation by the quantitative analysis part of the framework. To this end, dynamic first‐principles modeling is used to simulate the system behavior and thereby complement the results of the qualitative analysis part. The practical framework for computer‐assisted HAZOP studies introduced in this article allows the HAZOP team to devote more attention to high consequence hazards. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4150–4173, 2014     

Enhanced Hydrolysis of Cellulose to Reducing Sugars on Kaolinte Clay Activated by Mineral Acid

Catalysis Letters - Kaolinite, a natural, layered phyllosilicate, has been used as the solid catalyst for the hydrolysis of cellulose in our previous work. In the present study, kaolinite was...     

深井、超深井套管磨损监测方法研究及应用

介绍了井口磨屑分析法和工具接头磨损检测法的理论依据。为了对深井、超深井中的套管磨损行为作出确切的描述，将井口磨屑分析法和工具接头磨损检测法2种方法结合起来应用到钻井现场的套管磨损监测中，结果表明，此方法能相对准确地反应井下套管的磨损状况，可以及时地掌握套管的磨损变化信息，确定套管的磨损机制，从而为钻井现场开展套管磨损状态监测提供了一条切实可行的技术路线。     

大功率柴油机技术的发展

本文主要介绍了各种不同用途低、中、高速大功率柴油机在结构、性能、排放等方面发展的现状,分析、比较了降低排放的技术措施,以及燃油系统和电子控制系统等的技术发展方向。     

大功率柴油机技术的发展

本文主要介绍了各种不同用途低、中、高速大功率柴油机在结构、性能、排放等方面发展的现状,分析、比较了降低排放的技术措施,以及燃油系统和电子控制系统等的技术发展方向.     

BP神经网络在基于铁谱技术的磨损状态评价体系中的应用

根据智能化铁谱状态监测的要求，将对设备磨损状态反应比较敏感的三个定量铁谱参数作为输入参数，应用BP神经网络对设备的磨损状态进行了自动识别。经过现场验证，此方法结合定性铁谱分析可以较准确地评判设备的磨损状态级别。