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1.
We propose a standardization procedure that provides a convenient, quantitative and reproducible laboratory-based method for measuring the state of polarization (SOP) fluctuations produced by polarization varying devices. This method is based on the SOP distributions generated by commercial polarization scramblers. We show that these devices generate distributions of the maximum change of the SOP (in a given sample time) that follow Rayleigh statistics, which scale linearly with scrambling frequency and the sample time. We use this procedure to measure the SOP fluctuations in a short length of coiled fiber subject to mechanical perturbations. 相似文献
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4.
Jen-Chwen Lin T. Leo Ngai Y. Austin Chang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1986,17(7):1241-1245
Defect equilibria for binary semiconducting compound phases which exhibit ionized native donor and acceptor defects were considered,
and equations describing the pressure-temperature-composition relationships for these compound phases were derived. These
equations were used to analyze experimental data from the literature for tin telluride. Excellent agreement was obtained between
calculated thermodynamic and phase boundary values and experimental data. The approach presented is readily extended to obtain
equations for the thermodynamic properties of ternary and higher order semiconducting compound phases. 相似文献
5.
We show that the composition of two information production processes (IPPs), where the items of the first IPP are the sources
of the second, and where the ranks of the sources in the first IPP agree with the ranks of the sources in the second IPP,
yields an IPP which is positively reinforced with respect to the first IPP. This means that the rank-frequency distribution
of the composition is the composition of the rank-frequency distribution of the first IPP and an increasing function φ, which is explicitly calculable from the two IPPs' distributions. From the rank-frequency distribution of the composition,
we derive its size-frequency distribution in terms of the size-frequency distribution of the first IPP and of the function
φ. The paper also relates the concentration of the reinforced IPP to that of the original one. This theory solves part of the
problem of the determination of a third IPP from two given ones (so-called three-dimensional informetrics). In this paper
we solved the “linear” case, i.e., where the third IPP is the composition of the other two IPPs.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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8.
Leo Egghe 《Scientometrics》2005,63(2):277-296
Summary We study new and existing data sets which show that growth rates of sources usually are different from growth rates of items. Examples: references in publications grow with a rate that is different (usually higher) from the growth rate of the publications themselves; article growth rates are different from journal growth rates and so on. In this paper we interpret this phenomenon of “disproportionate growth' in terms of Naranan's growth model and in terms of the self-similar fractal dimension of such an information system, which follows from Naranan's growth model. The main part of the paper is devoted to explain disproportionate growth. We show that the “simple' 2-dimensional informetrics models of source-item relations are not able to explain this but we also show that linear 3-dimensional informetrics (i.e. adding a new source set) is capable to model disproportionate growth. Formulae of such different growth rates are presented using Lotkaian informetrics and new and existing data sets are presented and interpreted in terms of the used linear 3-dimensional model. 相似文献
9.
Walter Binder Ion Constantinescu Boi Faltings Klaus Haller Can Türker 《Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems》2006,12(2):219-237
This article presents an architecture to automatically create ad-hoc processes for complex value-added services and to execute
them in a reliable way. The uniqueness of ad-hoc processes is to support users not only in standardized situations like traditional
workflows do, but also in unique non-recurring situations. Based on user requirements, a service composition engine generates
such ad-hoc processes, which integrate individual services in order to provide the desired functionality. Our infrastructure
executes ad-hoc processes by transactional agents in a peer-to-peer style. The process execution is thereby performed under
transactional guarantees. Moreover, the service composition engine is used to re-plan in the case of execution failures.
The work presented in this article was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation as part of the project MAGIC (FNRS-68155),
as well as by the Swiss National Funding Agency OFES as part of the European projects KnowledgeWeb (FP6-507482) and DIP (FP6-507483).
Authors in alphabetic order 相似文献
10.
This paper addresses one of the central problems arising at the transfer stage in machine translation: syntactic mismatches,
that is, mismatches between a source-language sentence structure and its equivalent target-language sentence structure. The
level at which we assume the transfer to be carried out is the Deep-Syntactic Structure (DSyntS) as proposed in the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT). DSyntS is abstract enough to avoid all types of divergences that result
either from restricted lexical co-occurrence or from surface-syntactic discrepancies between languages. As for the remaining
types of syntactic divergences, all of them occur not only interlinguistically, but also intralinguistically; this means that
establishing correspondences between semantically equivalent expressions of the source and target languages that diverge with
respect to their syntactic structure is nothing else than paraphrasing. This allows us to adapt the powerful intralinguistic
paraphrasing mechanism developed in MTT for purposes of interlinguistic transfer. 相似文献