2.
Engineering novel Sn-based bimetallic materials could provide intriguing catalytic properties to boost the electrochemical CO
2 reduction. Herein, the first synthesis of homogeneous Sn
1−xBi
x alloy nanoparticles (
x up to 0.20) with native Bi-doped amorphous SnO
x shells for efficient CO
2 reduction is reported. The Bi-SnO
x nanoshells boost the production of formate with high Faradaic efficiencies (>90%) over a wide potential window (−0.67 to −0.92 V vs RHE) with low overpotentials, outperforming current tin oxide catalysts. The state-of-the-art Bi-SnO
x nanoshells derived from Sn
0.80Bi
0.20 alloy nanoparticles exhibit a great partial current density of 74.6 mA cm
−2 and high Faradaic efficiency of 95.8%. The detailed electrocatalytic analyses and corresponding density functional theory calculations simultaneously reveal that the incorporation of Bi atoms into Sn species facilitates formate production by suppressing the formation of H
2 and CO.
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