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2.
碱驱对原油采收率的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在填砂模型上研究了三种类型的碱对沙特河拉伯萨法尼亚原油采收率的影响。使用的三种碱为NaOH、KOH和Na3PO4·12H2O。还研究了碱在各糖溶液中的影响。聚合物浓度为1000ppm。测定了碱溶液的三个物理性质,即:pH值、粘度和界面张力。结果表明使用NaOH溶液可取得最高的原油采收率,这是由于pH值高和油、水相之间界面张力低的原因。在将碱溶液的驱替效果与聚合物溶液中加碱的驱替效果进行比较后发现,通过聚合物溶液中加碱进行驱油,可获得萨法尼亚原油的最高采收率。 相似文献
3.
Moulthrop AA Muha MS Hadimioglu B Silva CP Kozlowski GC 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1992,39(2):204-211
The operation of an acoustic microscope having a resolution of 15 mm has been demonstrated. It uses as a coupling medium superfluid (4 )He colder than 0.9 K and pressurized to greater than 20 bar. The microscope has been used to image objects that show little or no contrast on a scanning electron microscope. In addition, the acoustic microscope has been used to study the properties of sound propagation in the coupling fluid. At low acoustic intensities, the coupling fluid has very low acoustic attenuation at the microscope's operating frequency (15.3 GHz), but near the focal point the acoustic intensity can be high enough that the helium behaves with extreme nonlinearity. In fact, this medium is capable of entering new regimes of nonlinear interaction. Plots of the received signal versus input power display a nearly complete source depletion at certain input power levels and a reconversion to the source frequency at higher power levels. Arguments that the process underlying this nonlinear behavior is harmonic generation are presented. 相似文献
4.
Linearly arranged banks of hydraulic control levers constitute common control layouts on many specialized pieces of equipment used in agriculture, especially in California. Such controls are used to control multi-function equipment with various types of articulating mechanisms performing both linear and rotary translations in order to effect pitch, roll and yaw movements; also other movements such as clamping and encircling. Stereotypes regarding the control of the motion of a cube with six degrees of freedom by a single control lever were assessed. Results generally were consistent with previous work except for the case of the up/down motion of the cube for which a strongly anomalous phenomenon was found. Stereotypes for the assignment of cube motions to sets of multiple control levers were found to be weak or non-existent. 相似文献
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6.
In a previous study, CETP inhibitory peptide (3 kDa) was isolated from hog plasma. The peptide, synthesized chemically according
to the amino acid sequence of the 3-kDa peptide (designated P28), showed CETP inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo [Cho et al. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1391, 133–144]. We report herein further unique features of P28 when it was associated with the cholesteryl ester (CE)-donor and-acceptor lipoproteins. Lipoprotein substrates with P28 present in both HDL (as a CE-donor) and LDL (as a CE-acceptor) served as poor substrates, with CE-transfer activity decreased
up to 60% compared to normal substrates without P28. P28 was found to be located in HDL fractions of hog plasma and showed the same electromobility as that visualized by PAGE on
7% polyacrylamide gel under nondenaturing conditions. Addition of apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) or apoB antibody to a normal
CE-transfer mixture did not alter CE-transfer activity. However, addition of apoA-1 or −B antibody to a CETP-inhibition mixture
decreased the inhibitory activity of P28 by ca. 20%. Western blot analysis revealed that P28 was associated only with human and hog HDL among several lipoproteins purified from human, hog, and rabbit. CFTP-inhibition
assays with various lipoprotein substrates revealed that P28 exhibited substrate-specific inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity of P28 was highly dependent on the type of lipoprotein substrate (whether CE-donor or-acceptor); P28 inhibited CE transfer from HDL to LDL, but it did not inhibit CE transfer from HDL to HDL. 相似文献
7.
A methylene-interrupted C18 keto-acetylenic fatty ester (methyl 12-oxo-9-octadecynoate) was obtained from methyl ricinoleate by bromination-dehydrobromination
followed by oxidation. Reaction of methyl 12-oxo-9-octadecynoate with bis(benzonitrile) palladium(II) chloride, allyl bromide,
or methyl-allyl bromide furnished methyl 8-[5-hexyl-3-allyl-furan-2-yl]-octanoate (1, 56%) or methyl 8-[5-hexyl-3-(2-methyl-allyl)-furan-2-yl]-octanoate (2, 55%). Reaction of methyl 12-oxo-11-chloro-or 11-fluoro-9-octadeyynoate (prepared from methyl santalbate-methyl 11-E-9-octadecynoate, found in sandalwood, Santalum album, seed oil) with bis(benzonitrile) palladium(II) chloride gave methyl 8-(4-fluoro-5-hexyl-furan-2-yl)-octanoate (3, 50%) or methyl 8-(4-fluoro-5-hexyl-furan-2-yl)-octanoate (4, 50%), respectively. And when methyl 12-oxo-11-chloro- or 11-fluoro-9-octadecynoate was treated with a mixture of bis(benzonitrile)
palladium(II) chloride, allyl bromide, or methyl-allyl bromide, the reaction yielded tetrasubstituted C18 furan derivatives, viz, methyl 8-(3-allyl-4-chloro-5-hexyl-furan-2-yl)-octanoate (5, 54%), methyl 8-[4-chloro-5-hexyl-3-(2-methyl-allyl)-furan-2-yl)-octanoate (6, 54%), methyl 8-(3-allyl-4-fluoro-5-hexyl-furan-2-yl]-octanoate (7, 10%), and methyl 8-[4-fluoro-5-hexyl-3-(2-methyl-allyl)-furan-2-yl]-octanoate (8, 10%). The presence of a fluorine atom in the furan derivatives 4, 7, and 8 was readily characterized by the appearance of doublets for carbon nuclei, which were coupled to the fluorine atom
in the 13C NMR spectra. All furan fatty derivatives from this work were characterized by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses.
The yields of compounds 7 and 8 were very low (10%) despite attempts to improve the procedure by increasing the amounts of the reactants and catalyst. 相似文献
8.
Garrett BC Dixon DA Camaioni DM Chipman DM Johnson MA Jonah CD Kimmel GA Miller JH Rescigno TN Rossky PJ Xantheas SS Colson SD Laufer AH Ray D Barbara PF Bartels DM Becker KH Bowen KH Bradforth SE Carmichael I Coe JV Corrales LR Cowin JP Dupuis M Eisenthal KB Franz JA Gutowski MS Jordan KD Kay BD Laverne JA Lymar SV Madey TE McCurdy CW Meisel D Mukamel S Nilsson AR Orlando TM Petrik NG Pimblott SM Rustad JR Schenter GK Singer SJ Tokmakoff A Wang LS Wettig C Zwier TS 《Chemical reviews》2005,105(1):355-390
9.
Van Lysel MS 《IEEE transactions on medical imaging》1991,10(4):530-537
Dual-energy digital subtraction angiography (DSA) can be performed, with some modifications, using existing systems designed for conventional DSA work. However, the video camera generally found in such installations, the lead oxide vidicon, places significant limitations on the image quality of dual-energy DSA. If the video camera is operated in a 60 Hz, 266 line progressive scanning mode to maintain a nominal 30 subtraction images/s frame rate, the maximum available X-ray pulse width is limited to 5 ms. The resulting required increase in low-energy kVp reduces the dual-energy signal-to-noise ratio by approximately 40% for cardiac dual-energy DSA imaging. In addition, the performance of the video camera with respect to read-out lag is much more important for dual-energy DSA than conventional single-energy imaging. Measurements show that lag reduces the iodine contrast in dual-energy DSA by up to 20% when a 30 Hz vertical scan mode is used, and by up to 27% when a 60 Hz vertical scan mode is employed. Replacement of the lead oxide vidicon with a CCD camera removes these limitations. 相似文献
10.
Lipeles RA Coleman DJ Leung MS 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1991,38(6):684-689
The metallo-organic solution deposition (MOSD or sol-gel) technique can be used for preparing lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics with a wide range of compositions and crystal structures for electrooptical applications. Film morphology is affected by the stoichiometry of the film, hydrolysis and polymerization of the sol-gel solution, and thermal treatment of the deposited material. The lattice parameter decreases with the amount of titanium in the PZT, in agreement with ceramic data. A slight initial excess of lead in the coating solution is found to improve film morphology. Unlike traditional powder ceramic processing techniques, MOSD permits the growth of small uniform grains that are conducive to achieving consistent electronic and optical properties. Results show that the properties of films prepared by the MOSD process can be tailored to meet the needs of device applications. 相似文献