Restoration of depressed prostanoid-induced ileal contraction in spontaneously hypertensive rats by dietary fish oil

We have reported that dietary fish oil (FO) rich in n-3 PUFA modulates gut contractility. It was further demonstrated that the gut of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) has a depressed contractility response to prostaglandins (PG) compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We investigated whether feeding diets supplemented with n-3 PUFA increased gut contractility and restored the depressed prostanoid response in SHR gut. Thirteen-week-old SHR were fed diets containing fat at 5 g/100 g as coconut oil (CO), lard, canola oil containing 10% (w/w) n-3 FA as alpha-linolenic acid (1 8:3n-3), or FO (as HiDHA, 22:6n-3) for 12 wk. A control WKY group was fed 5 g/100 g CO in the diet. As confirmed, the SHR CO group had a significantly lower gut response to PGE2 and PGF2alpha compared with the WKY CO group. Feeding FO increased the maximal contraction response to acetylcholine in the ileum compared with all diets and in the colon compared with lard, and restored the depressed response to PGE2 and PGF2alpha in the ileum but not the colon of SHR. FO feeding also led to a significant increase in gut total phospholipid n-3 PUFA as DHA (22:6n-3) with lower n-6 PUFA as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). Canola feeding led to a small increase in ileal EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA and in colonic DHA without affecting contractility. However, there was no change in ileal membrane muscarinic binding properties due to FO feeding. This report confirms that dietary FO increases muscarinic- and eicosanoid receptor-induced contractility in ileum and that the depressed prostanoid response in SHR ileum, but not colon, is restored by tissue incorporation of DHA as the active nutrient.     

Processed dietary plants demonstrate broad capacity for angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor binding inhibition in vitro

While the consumption of fruit and vegetables is protective against cardiovascular disease, the relative efficacy of specific plants is poorly substantiated. In addition, although most plants are consumed in a ‘processed’ state (i.e., including cooking), the bioactivity of processed forms of plants is also generally unknown. Effects on elements of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were studied in a selection of 131 dietary plant species, fungi or varietals, across 44 families, after standardised processing. Products were tested for in vitro inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and of angiotensin II (AngII) binding to its receptor (AT₁R). The results indicated that ACE inhibition activity was weakly correlated with AngII to AT₁R inhibition and that ACE inhibitory activity was positively correlated with total polyphenolic content. These results highlight that processed forms of dietary plants exhibit broad capacity for in vitro modulation of RAS. Furthermore, considering the extensive ACE inhibitory activity reported for peptides derived from many dietary proteins, this implicates broad potential for RAS regulation by several dietary factors. With RAS elements also known to function in the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, there is a need to understand the physiological role of dietary factors on GI function, blood pressure regulation and salt excretion.     

中国港口机械与设备钢结构防护涂装

提出了具体的新建大型港口机械与设备钢结构防护涂层配套方案,并对涂装施工工艺要点进行了叙述.     

Dietary lipid modification of myocardial eicosanoids following ischemia and reperfusion in the rat

Several different edible oils were compared for their ability to modify eicosanoid biosynthesis following experimentally-induced myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. Two types of palm oil [neutralized, bleached, and deodorized (NBDPO) and refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBDPO)] and partially hydrogenated soybean oil (SBO) were tested against a diet supplemented with sunflower seed oil (SSO) rich in n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fish oil (FO) rich in n−3 PUFA, with its known cardioprotective actions, served as an internal reference point for the study. Test oils were fed as a 12% (w/w) supplement for nine months before the induction of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Palm oil diets exerted effects indistinguishable from the SBO group against cardiac arrhythmia, which occurred following alterations to coronary blood flow. Arrhythmic potentials, as expressed by a hierarchical scale (0–9) of arrhythmia score, were: SSO, 1.5±0.5; FO, 0.9±0.4; SBO; 3.1±0.5^*; NBDPO, 3.2±0.5^*; RBDPO, 3.3±0.6^*,^* P<0.05 vs. SSO. Following ischemia and reperfusion, both SSO and RBDPO groups tended to show an increase in myocardial prostacyclin, with the effect being more prominent in the RBDPO group (SSO, 10%; RBDPO, 25%). Thromboxane production was reduced in the FO group. Interestingly, cardiac muscle from both FO and palm oil groups displayed a reduced capacity to produce 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid SSO, 591.9±95.8; SBO, 375.5±48.9; NBDPO, 287.2±64.7^*; RBDPO, 230.9±80.2^**; FO, 203.7±81.4^** (ng/g dry wt,^* P<0.05,^** P<0.01). No clear relationship was seen between the availability of 20∶4n−6 in myocardial phospholipids and eicosanoid profile. Data suggests that fatty acid composition of edible oils is not the only determinant of arrhythmic vulnerability and eicosanoid production. Based on a paper presented at the PORIM International Palm Oil Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, September 1993.     

A Sequential Inspection Plan for Markov Dependent Production Processes

Single sampling plans used for lot acceptance are modified for use in monitoring production processes which exhibit Markov dependence in quality attributes. An augmented Markov chain model is employed for the determination of plan characteristics. Plans for dependent processes are compared with those for independent processes through numerical computations.     

Intestinal passage of microencapsulated fish oil in rats following oral administration

Fish oil labelled with [(14)C-linolenin] tracer was orally administered by gavage as an oil-water mixture (free oil) or as an oil-in-water emulsion formulation (microencapsulated oil) to fasted rats. Groups of rats were then given food after gavage or alternatively not fed to examine the effect of food on intestinal passage. Feeding after gavage drives lumenal free oil faster through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Microencapsulation slows down the lumenal progression in the GI tract with feeding. Non-feeding also slows down the lumenal progress of free oil in the GI tract but this is not influenced by microencapsulation. Analysis of the relative distribution of the label along the GI tract tissue wall showed that the upper small intestine was the main site of label accumulation in the GI tract. Of the oil that remained in the lumen, there was slight protection against early uptake and metabolism in the stomach and upper GI tract in rats that were either fed or not fed after dosing when microencapsulated oil was administered. Microencapsulation increased the levels of radiolabel in the liver and blood. The primary organ for accumulation of radiolabel for both free and microencapsulated oils in rats that were fed or fasted after dosing was the liver.     

Long‐chain omega‐3 oils: Current and future supplies,food and feed applications,and stability

Increasing recognition of the health benefits of omega‐3 long‐chain (⪈C₂₀) polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega‐3 LC‐PUFA or LC omega‐3 oils) continues. But new sources are needed, with recent developments with novel land plants showing promise. The value of existing and future sources LC omega‐3 oils occurs through aquaculture, livestock and other feeding. There is also a need toenhance the stability of oils containing LC omega‐3 oils. Challenges include increasing DHA levels in land plants, increasing oxidative stability in food products and product labeling. Consumers have difficulty recognizing and differentiating long‐chain and shorter‐chain (SC, C₁₈) omega‐3 PUFA, both of which are referred to as “omega‐3” fatty acids.     

The composition of cardiac phospholipids in rats fed different lipid supplements

Changes in dietary lipid intake are known to alter the fatty acid composition of cardiac muscle of various animals. Because changes in cardiac muscle membrane structure and function may be involved in the pathogenesis of arrythmia and ischemia, we have examined the effects of dietary lipid supplements on the phospholipid distribution and fatty acid composition of rat atria and ventricle following 20 weeks feeding of diets supplemented with either 12% sunflower-seed oil or sheep fat. Neither lipid supplement produced significant changes in the proportions of cholesterol, total phospholipids or phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine or diphosphatidylglycerol,—the phospholipid classes that together account for more than 90% of the total phospholipids of rat cardiac muscle. Significant changes were found in the profiles of the unsaturated fatty acids of all 3 phospholipid components of both atria and ventricle. Although similar, the changes between these tissues were not identical. However, in general, feeding a linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed oil supplement resulted in an increase in the ω-6 family of fatty acids, whereas feeding the relatively linoleic acid-poor sheep fat supplement decreased the level of ω-6 fatty acids but increased the levels of the ω-3 family, resulting in major shifts in the proportions of these families of acids. In particular, the ratio of arachidonic acid: docosahexaenoic acid (20∶4, ω-6/22∶6, ω-3), which is higher in all phospholipids of atria than ventricle, is increased by feeding linoleic acid, primarily by increasing the level of arachidonic acid in the muscle membranes. As dosahexaenoic acid does not occur in the diet, the increase in this acid which occurs after feeding animal fat, presumably arises from increased conversion of the small amounts of linolenic acid in all diets when the amount of linoleic acid present is reduced.     

BERT-CNN: A Deep Learning Model for Detecting Emotions from Text

Due to the widespread usage of social media in our recent daily lifestyles, sentiment analysis becomes an important field in pattern recognition and Natural Language Processing (NLP). In this field, users’ feedback data on a specific issue are evaluated and analyzed. Detecting emotions within the text is therefore considered one of the important challenges of the current NLP research. Emotions have been widely studied in psychology and behavioral science as they are an integral part of the human nature. Emotions describe a state of mind of distinct behaviors, feelings, thoughts and experiences. The main objective of this paper is to propose a new model named BERT-CNN to detect emotions from text. This model is formed by a combination of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) and the Convolutional Neural networks (CNN) for textual classification. This model embraces the BERT to train the word semantic representation language model. According to the word context, the semantic vector is dynamically generated and then placed into the CNN to predict the output. Results of a comparative study proved that the BERT-CNN model overcomes the state-of-art baseline performance produced by different models in the literature using the semeval 2019 task3 dataset and ISEAR datasets. The BERT-CNN model achieves an accuracy of 94.7% and an F1-score of 94% for semeval2019 task3 dataset and an accuracy of 75.8% and an F1-score of 76% for ISEAR dataset.     

Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme,Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking,and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families

Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT₁) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT₁ receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.