Survey of denoising,segmentation and classification of magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the second most dreadful cancer in men after lung cancer. Traditional approaches used for treatment of PCa were manual, time...     

Proteome of human endometrium: Identification of differentially expressed proteins in proliferative and secretory phase endometrium

Purpose: To exploit the potential of proteomics to identify and study additional yet‐unidentified important proteins present in human endometrium. Experimental design: The proteome of human endometrium would be established using 2‐DE and MALDI and the data analyzed to identify differential protein expression in the proliferative and secretory phase of the menstrual cycle using PDQuest software and MALDI. Results: In the present work, 2‐DE of human endometrium protein led to the resolution of over 200 spots. Subsequent MALDI analysis of 215 spots allowed the identification of 194 proteins. A total of 57 out of the 215 spots were found to be differentially expressed, out of which 49 could be identified using MALDI. These differentially expressed proteins included structural proteins, molecular chaperones, signaling proteins, metabolic proteins, proteins related to immunity, RNA biogenesis, protein biosynthesis and others. The differential expressions of seven representative proteins in secretory and proliferative phase endometrium tissue were confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This study establishes the 2‐D proteome of human endometrium represented by 194 identified protein spots. The present data provides an important clue towards determining the function of these proteins with respect to endometrium related diseases.     

Manual Therapy Facilitates Homeostatic Adaptation to Bone Microstructural Declines Induced by a Rat Model of Repetitive Forceful Task

The effectiveness of manual therapy in reducing the catabolic effects of performing repetitive intensive force tasks on bones has not been reported. We examined if manual therapy could reduce radial bone microstructural declines in adult female Sprague–Dawley rats performing a 12-week high-repetition and high-force task, with or without simultaneous manual therapy to forelimbs. Additional rats were provided 6 weeks of rest after task cessation, with or without manual therapy. The control rats were untreated or received manual therapy for 12 weeks. The untreated TASK rats showed increased catabolic indices in the radius (decreased trabecular bone volume and numbers, increased osteoclasts in these trabeculae, and mid-diaphyseal cortical bone thinning) and increased serum CTX-1, TNF-α, and muscle macrophages. In contrast, the TASK rats receiving manual therapy showed increased radial bone anabolism (increased trabecular bone volume and osteoblast numbers, decreased osteoclast numbers, and increased mid-diaphyseal total area and periosteal perimeter) and increased serum TNF-α and muscle macrophages. Rest, with or without manual therapy, improved the trabecular thickness and mid-diaphyseal cortical bone attributes but not the mineral density. Thus, preventive manual therapy reduced the net radial bone catabolism by increasing osteogenesis, while rest, with or without manual therapy, was less effective.     

Densities and excess molar volumes of mixtures containing diesel,biodiesel and alkanols at temperatures from 288.15 to 313.15 K

The present work is focusing on the synthesization and physico-chemical properties of Jatropha curcas biodiesel with diesel and alcohols.The densities of binary diesel (2)+1-alkanols (C_3 or C_4)(3) and ternary Jatropha curcas biodiesel (1)+diesel (2)+1-alkanols (C_3or C_4)(3) blends have been reported over full range of composition at temperatures within range 288.15 to 313.15 K.Also densities of Jatropha curcas biodiesel (1)+diesel or 1-alkanols (C_3 or C_4)(2) blends have been measured at 313.15 K.Excess molar volumes,V~E,V~E_(123)of binary and ternary blends were calculated from the measured data and the derived properties were correlated to composition using Redlich–Kister equation.A reasonable agreement was found between the measured and estimated values.Further,densities and excess molar volumes data were reasoned to discuss molecular interactions taking into consideration effect of composition and temperature.     

Synthesis of nanostructured copper hexacyanidoferrate and its application in voltammeteric detection of salbutamol

Nanostructured copper hexacyanidoferrate has been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, thermal and infrared spectral studies. The transmission electron microscopic studies of the synthesized material showed that it consisted of irregular oval and rod shaped particles with a size range 70–100 nm. Nanostructured copper hexacyanidoferrate modified glassy carbon electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetery and nanostructured copper hexacyanidoferrate–carbon nanotube composite material modified glassy carbon electrode has been used for electrocatalytic oxidation of salbutamol. The electrode modified with composite material was found to reduce the peak potential of oxidation of salbutamol by nearly 90 mV.     

Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in Allium cepa

Potential health and environmental effects of nanoparticles need to be thoroughly assessed before their widespread commercialization. Though there are few studies on cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on mammalian and human cell lines, there are hardly any reports on genotoxic and cytotoxic behavior of nanoparticles in plant cells. This study aims to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts of silver nanoparticles using root tip cells of Allium cepa as an indicator organism. A.cepa root tip cells were treated with four different concentrations (25, 20, 75, and 100 ppm) of engineered silver nanoparticles (below 100 nm size) dispersion, to study endpoints like mitotic index, distribution of cells in mitotic phases, different types of chromosomal aberrations, disturbed metaphase, sticky chromosome, cell wall disintegration, and breaks. For each concentration five sets of microscopic observations were carried out. No chromosomal aberration was observed in the control (untreated onion root tips) and the mitotic index (MI) value was 60.3%. With increasing concentration of the nanoparticles decrease in the mitotic index was noticed (60.30% to 27.62%). The different cytological effects including the chromosomal aberrations were studied in detail for the treated cells as well as control. We infer from this study that silver nanoparticles could penetrate plant system and may impair stages of cell division causing chromatin bridge, stickiness, disturbed metaphase, multiple chromosomal breaks and cell disintegration. The findings also suggest that plants as an important component of the ecosystems need to be included when evaluating the overall toxicological impact of the nanoparticles in the environment.     

Solid-liquid separation after liquid-liquid extraction. Spectrophotometric determination of cobalt by extraction of its thioxanthate complex with molten naphthalene

Optimum conditions have been developed for the extraction of cobalt thioxanthate by solid-liquid separation after liquid-liquid extraction.     

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Germinated and Cooked Pulses

Five commonly consumed pulses, Mah (Vigna mungo), Green mung (Vigna radiata), Arhar (Cajanas cajan), Masur (Lens esculantus), and Moth (Vigna aconitifolia), were studied for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activity after germination (12 and 24 h) and pressure cooking. Arhar had the highest total phenolic content (6.71 mg ferulic acid/g flour) whereas Moth had the least (1.54 mg/g). All pulses, except Moth, showed a significant decrease in total phenolic content after germination. The antioxidant activity of the pulses varied from 10.61 to 36.38% (DPPH radical scavenging activity), which significantly decreased with germination in all pulses except Moth. The total phenolic content highly correlated with the antioxidant activity in the pulses. Cooking lowered the total phenolic content by 10–45% and antioxidant activity by 27–68% in the control and germinated pulses.