M. M. a man aged 49. He suffered from a head injury at the aged of 41. At that time he lost consciousness for a few minutes and he was diagnosed as a consquassatio cerebri. The sequelaes of his head injury were a change of character and a disturbance of autonomic nerve function. The changes of character were decreased of activity, lie-down for all day, decrease of speech and depressive mode, and occasionally he was ill-humored, restless and irritative. Periodically he became euphoris, talkative and childisch. He had a disturbance of autonomic nerve function which became worse in parallel to the depressive states. We speculated that character changes, such as manic-depressive states and disturbances of autonomic nerve function were due to the bruising of the bilateral orbital surfaces of frontal lobes. 相似文献
Chlorinated organophosphate ester (OPE)-degrading enrichment cultures were obtained using tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) or tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) as the sole phosphorus source. In cultures with 46 environmental samples, significant TCEP and TDCPP degradation was observed in 10 and 3 cultures, respectively, and successive subcultivation markedly increased their degradation rates. 67E and 45D stable enrichment cultures obtained with TCEP and TDCPP, respectively, completely degraded 20 muM of the respective compounds within 6 h and also the other, although the degradation rate of TCEP by 45D was relatively slow. We confirmed chloride ion generation on degradation in both cases and the generation of 2-chloroethanol (2-CE) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) as metabolites of TCEP and TDCPP, respectively. 67E and 45D also showed dehalogenation ability toward 2-CE and 1,3-DCP, respectively. Addition of inorganic phosphate did not significantly influence their ability to degrade the chlorinated OPEs but markedly increased their dehalogenation ability, which was maximum at 0.2 mM of inorganic phosphate and decreased at a higher concentration. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that dominant bacteria in 67E are related to Acidovorax spp. and Sphingomonas spp. and those in 45D are Acidovorax spp., Aquabacterium spp., and Sphingomonas spp. This analysis indicated the relationship of the Sphingomonas- and Acidovorax-related bacteria with the cleavage of the phosphoester bond and dehalogenation, respectively, in both cultures. This is the first report on bacterial enrichment cultures capable of degrading both TCEP and TDCPP. 相似文献
RNA‐based therapeutics is a promising approach for curing intractable diseases by manipulating various cellular functions. For eliciting RNA (i.e., mRNA and siRNA) functions successfully, the RNA in the extracellular space must be protected and it must be delivered to the cytoplasm. In this study, the development of a self‐degradable lipid‐like material that functions to accelerate the collapse of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and the release of RNA into cytoplasm is reported. The self‐degradability is based on a unique reaction “Hydrolysis accelerated by intra‐Particle Enrichment of Reactant (HyPER).” In this reaction, a disulfide bond and a phenyl ester are essential structural components: concentrated hydrophobic thiols that are produced by the cleavage of the disulfide bonds in the LNPs drive an intraparticle nucleophilic attack to the phenyl ester linker, which results in further degradation. An oleic acid‐scaffold lipid‐like material that mounts all of these units (ssPalmO‐Phe) shows superior transfection efficiency to nondegradable or conventional materials. The insertion of the aromatic ring is unexpectedly revealed to contribute to the enhancement of endosomal escape. Since the intracellular trafficking is a sequential process that includes cellular uptake, endosomal escape, the release of mRNA, and translation, the improvement in each process synergistically enhances the gene expression. 相似文献
Intractable cancers such as osteosarcoma (OS) and oral cancer (OC) are highly refractory, recurrent, and metastatic once developed, and their prognosis is still disappointing. Tumor-targeted therapy, which eliminates cancers effectively and safely, is the current clinical choice. Since aggressive tumors are substantially resistant to multidisciplinary therapies that target apoptosis, tumor-specific activation of another cell death modality is a promising avenue for meeting this goal. Here, we report that a cold atmospheric air plasma-activated medium (APAM) can kill OS and OC by causing a unique mitochondrial clustering. This event was named monopolar perinuclear mitochondrial clustering (MPMC) based on its characteristic unipolar mitochondrial perinuclear accumulation. The APAM caused apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death. The APAM increased mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and cell death, and the antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented them. MPMC occurred following mitochondrial fragmentation, which coincided with nuclear damages. MPMC was accompanied by mitochondrial lipid peroxide (mLPO) accumulation and prevented by NAC, Ferrostatin-1, and Nocodazole. In contrast, the APAM induced minimal cell death, mROS generation, mLPO accumulation, and MPMC in fibroblasts. These results suggest that MPMC occurs in a tumor-specific manner via mitochondrial oxidative stress and microtubule-driven mitochondrial motility. MPMC induction might serve as a promising target for exerting tumor-specific cytotoxicity. 相似文献
A two-line flow injection analysis (FIA) biosensor was developed which can simultaneously detect bacterial spoilage and the progress of aging. This FIA biosensor was composed of a putrescine oxidase immobilized electrode and a xanthine oxidase immobilized electrode as detectors. The putrescine electrode measures putrescine and cadaverine which are produced by bacteria, and the xanthine electrode measures hypoxanthine and xanthine which accumulate in meat with aging.
The analytical conditions for this system were set as follows; flow rate, 1 ml/ min; water bath temperature, 30 °C; flow buffer, 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0); injection volume for putrescine electrode, 200 μl; injection volume for xanthine electrode, 40 μl; and measurement cycle, 2 min.
The linear relationship for standard solution was between 20 and 800 nmol/ml in the putrescine electrode and between 0.1 and 3.0 μmol/ml in the xanthine electrode. The coefficients of variation in standard solutions were 2.14% with the putrescine electrode and 2.83% with the xanthine electrode. The coefficients of variation values in the specimen solution were 3.22% and 3.76%, respectively.
This two-line FIA biosensor was applied to the vacuum-packed beef stored at 0, 5 and 10 °C. The progress of aging could be monitored at all temperatures, and the bacterial spoilage could be detected before the appearance of putrid odor at 5 and 10 °C. However, at 0 °C the putrid odor did not appear during storage, and neither putrescine nor cadaverine was detected. Thus, this FIA biosensor was confirmed to be useful for the quality control of beef aging at 5 and 10 °C, but not at 0 °C. 相似文献
The kinetics of vapor phase dephosphorization from tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) by carbothermic reduction was studied with and without the presence of Fe3O4. Microwave heating was utilized to obtain large variations in the heating rate (HR). In the reduction of TCP alone, the phosphorous removal fraction (RF; equal to ?P2O5/P2O50, where ?P2O5 is the weight change and P2O50 is the P2O5 weight before heating) decreased as the HR increased. In other words, a shorter residence time at a high temperature resulted in a smaller reduction fraction of TCP. An apparently third-order reaction was postulated to account for the kinetics using a fitting simulation based on the additive law of the reaction progress. On the other hand, the phosphorous removal (dephosphorization) rate (RR; equal to ?P2O3/tMW, where tMW is the microwave heating time period) increased as the HR increased above 1200 °C. The reduction ratio of Fe3O4 above 1100 °C is higher than 97 pct regardless of the heating rate. The reduction of TCP in the presence of Fe3O4 showed that RF increased slightly with increasing HR despite a shorter residence time at a high temperature. The RR also increased with the HR even though RF decreased to half of the values observed in the cases without Fe3O4 for temperatures above 1200 °C. The practicality and optimal operation conditions of phosphorus vapor removal were discussed. 相似文献