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1.
Minh Lequan Rose Marie Lequan Kathleen Chane-ching Anne-claude Callier Marguerite Barzoukas Alain Fort 《Advanced functional materials》1992,1(5):243-247
Samples of {4-(dimethylamino) stilben Z & E 4'-yl} dimesityl borane (BNS) were synthesised and investigated for their non-linear optical properties. The results show that the quadratic hyperpolarisability of the Z-isomer is smaller than that of the E-isomer, the beta value found for the latter being as high as 60 × 10?30 esu. 相似文献
2.
Rheological behaviour of polysaccharide aqueous solutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several data relative to the viscosity of water-soluble polysaccharide solutions were collected from the literature and processed by different rheological models. Some relationships between the viscosity of these polymer solutions, their molecular weight and their solution concentrations, were established and their validity checked. Thus, an accurate equation correlating the viscosity and both the shear rate and the solution concentration of different water soluble polysaccharides (xanthan, hyaluronan, carboxymethylcellulose) was deduced on the basis of Cross' model which suggests two domains in which the viscosity is constant, i.e. very low and very high shear rate ranges. Then, an expression relating the zero-shear viscosity (A) and the concentration of their solutions was proposed. Finally, an alternative equation to that of Mark–Houwink correlating the molecular weight and the intrinsic viscosity of the water-soluble polysaccharides studied in this paper was found. 相似文献
3.
When students use computers as learning tools, the whole process of learning, and, indeed, the learners themselves, are transformed. This article illustrates some techniques that foster transformative learning in computer-assisted first-year literature classes: first, a lesson plan on A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning that uses Microsoft Word functions, including format painter, tables, and annotation to explore meaning in context; second, a plan for learners to use subconference options in the Daedalus Interactive Writing Environment to analyze Oedipus Rex; finally, a demonstration of how students engage in a meta-reflection process as they explore Barn Burning with Freelance Graphics.Marguerite Jamieson is an English instructor at Anne Arundel Community College in Arnold, Maryland, and a doctoral student at George Mason University. Her research interests include forming bridges between adult learning theory and contemporary literary theory — especially drawing on transformational learning theory and the work of Mikhail Bakhtin and Lev Vygotsky.Rebecca Kajs holds a doctorate in English from Texas Woman's University with a concentration in rhetoric. For ten years, she taught the use of heuristic tools for reading analysis at the University of Texas at Arlington. She is currently an associate professor of English and Philosophy at Anne Arundel Community College.Anne Agee holds a doctorate in rhetoric from The Catholic University of America. A professor of English and formerly director of the Humanities Computer Center at Anne Arundel Community College, she is currently the college's Coordinator of Instructional Technology. Dr. Agee and Professor Jamieson have collaborated in a study of the learning environment in a computer classroom, the results of which were published in the Fall 1995 issue of Teaching/Learning Conversations. Dr. Agee has also published Using [Daedalus] InterChange as a Teachers' Journal in the Fall 1995 issue of Wings. 相似文献
4.
Gellan is an anionic extracellular bacterial polysaccharide discovered in 1978. Acyl groups present in the native polymer are removed by alkaline hydrolysis in normal commercial production, giving the charged tetrasaccharide repeating sequence: → 3)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1 → 4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-l-Rhap-(1 →. Deacylated gellan converts on cooling from disordered coils to 3-fold double helices. The coil–helix transition temperature (Tm) is raised by salt in the way expected from polyelectrolyte theory: equivalent molar concentrations of different monovalent cations (Group I and Me4N+) cause the same increase in Tm; there is also no selectivity between different divalent (Group II) cations, but divalent cations cause greater elevation of Tm than monovalent. Cations present as counterions to the charged groups of the polymer have the same effect as those introduced by addition of salt. Increasing polymer concentration raises Tm because of the consequent increase in concentration of the counterions, but the concentration of polymer chains themselves does not affect Tm. Gelation occurs by aggregation of double helices. Aggregation stabilises the helices to temperatures higher than those at which they form on cooling, giving thermal hysteresis between gelation and melting. Melting of aggregated and non-aggregated helices can be seen as separate thermal and rheological processes. Reduction in pH promotes aggregation and gelation by decreasing the negative charge on the polymer and thus decreasing electrostatic repulsion between the helices. Group I cations decrease repulsion by binding to the helices in specific coordination sites around the carboxylate groups of the polymer. Strength of binding increases with increasing ionic size (Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+); the extent of aggregation and effectiveness in promoting gel formation increase in the same order. Me4N+ cations, which cannot form coordination complexes, act solely by non-specific screening of electrostatic repulsion, and give gels only at very high concentration (above ∼0.6 M). At low concentrations of monovalent cations, ordered gellan behaves like a normal polymer solution; as salt concentration is increased there is then a region where fluid “weak gels” are formed, before the cation concentration becomes sufficient to give true, self-supporting gels. Aggregation and consequent gelation with Group II cations occurs by direct site-binding of the divalent ions between gellan double helices. High concentrations of salt or acid cause excessive aggregation, with consequent reduction in gel strength. Maximum strength with divalent cations comes at about stoichiometric equivalence to the gellan carboxylate groups. Much higher concentrations of monovalent cations are required to attain maximum gel strength. The content of divalent cations in commercial gellan is normally sufficient to give cohesive gels at polymer concentrations down to ∼0.15 wt %. Gellan gels are very brittle, and have excellent flavour release. The networks are dynamic: gellan gels release polymer chains when immersed in water and show substantial recovery from mechanical disruption or expulsion of water by slow compression. High concentrations of sugar (∼70 wt % and above) inhibit aggregation and give sparingly-crosslinked networks which vitrify on cooling. Gellan forms coupled networks with konjac glucomannan and tamarind xyloglucan, phase-separated networks with kappa carrageenan and calcium alginate, interpenetrating networks with agarose and gelling maltodextrin, and complex coacervates with gelatin under acidic conditions. Native gellan carries acetyl and l-glyceryl groups at, respectively, O(6) and O(2) of the 3-linked glucose residue in the tetrasaccharide repeat unit. The presence of these substituents does not change the overall double helix structure, but has profound effects on gelation. l-Glyceryl groups stabilise the double helix by forming additional hydrogen bonds within and between the two strands, giving higher gelation temperatures, but abolish the binding site for metal ions by changing the orientation of the adjacent glucuronate residue and its carboxyl group. The consequent loss of cation-mediated aggregation reduces gel strength and brittleness, and eliminates thermal hysteresis. Aggregation is further inhibited by acetyl groups located on the periphery of the double helix. Gellan with a high content of residual acyl groups is available commercially as “high acyl gellan”. Mixtures of high acyl and deacylated gellan form interpenetrating networks, with no double helices incorporating strands of both types. Gellan has numerous existing and potential practical applications in food, cosmetics, toiletries, pharmaceuticals and microbiology. 相似文献
5.
6.
Jerome Edward A.; Young Marguerite L.; Bostwick Susan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1969,74(2):148
Compared 15 schizophrenics with 15 controls of similar mental test status and educational background on 2 classes of elementary problems from a series of artifact testing tasks monitored by an automatic problem programing machine called the Heuristic Evaluation Problem Programmer. In terms of an index that reflects the ability to conduct the required inquiry efficiently, the groups did not differ significantly on statistical tests that employed between-Ss differences as the error variance. Repeated measures of group differences showed a small, but statistically significant, superiority for the control Ss. Intercorrelations between scores on various problem sets indicated that the tests were reliable. During the 1st 3/4 of the problem series, there was a marked inefficiency of performance in a small group of paranoid schizophrenics as compared with a group of chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
8.
Reviews the book, Clinical management of memory problems by Barbara A. Wilson and Nick Moffat (1984). This short and serviceable volume amalgamates a series of papers presented at the University of Nottingham, England, in 1982. Its editors have brought together contributors from both academic and clinical settings in an attempt to bridge current theoretical models of human memory with practical approaches to memory assessment and its remediation. This book offers sound guidelines for anyone working with clients who present with memory deficits secondary to cortical dysfunction. Its brevity, easy reading style, and practical approach make it a useful reference for students and clinicians alike. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
This article looks at the benefits of wastewater reuse for industrial and municipal applications. It demonstrates how continuous microfiltration pretreatment to reverse osmosis can reduce capital and operating costs of reverse osmosis systems, improve their efficiency and enable reliable operation on a wider variety of water sources. This information is supported by operational data from a number of continuous microfiltration/reverse osmosis installations worldwide on difficult-to-treat feed waters. 相似文献
10.
A method is proposed, for low-temperature geothermal systems, for calculating the aquifer temperature and relative proportions of mixed thermal and shallow groundwaters from carbonate-evaporite environments. The fluid is assumed to be in chemical equilibrium with anhydrite and chalcedony in the aquifer, and mixed with diluted waters during its ascent. An attempt has been made to establish a relationship between reservoir temperature, the aqueous sulfate and silica contents of the mixed fluid, the proportion of the thermal end-member and the temperature of the adiabatic mixture. The method calculates mineral solubilities in the field context, calibrated on representative thermal springs. The method also considers the effects of conductive cooling. 相似文献