Renewable Hydrogen: Modular Concepts from Production over Storage to the Consumer

A simulation tool called HYDRA to optimize individual hydrogen infrastructure layouts is presented. The different electrolyzer technologies, namely proton exchange membrane electrolysis, anion exchange membrane electrolysis, alkaline electrolysis, and solid oxide electrolysis, as well as hydrogen storage possibilities are described in more detail and evaluated. To illustrate the application opportunities of HYDRA, three project examples are discussed. The examples include central and decentral applications while taking the usage of hydrogen into account.     

苏黎世大学法律学院图书馆

几十年来，坐落在苏黎世城郊的一些建筑满足了苏黎世大学不断增长的需求，但是，最近在市中心的历史大学校区已经开始努力增加现有建筑设施的密度，这样就可以把分散在八个不同校区的法律学院整合，并扩大图书馆的使用范围，最初在1908年建起的L型建筑是作为实验楼使用的。     

Human IPSC-Derived Model to Study Myelin Disruption

Myelin is of vital importance to the central nervous system and its disruption is related to a large number of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. The differences observed between human and rodent oligodendrocytes make animals inadequate for modeling these diseases. Although developing human in vitro models for oligodendrocytes and myelinated axons has been a great challenge, 3D cell cultures derived from iPSC are now available and able to partially reproduce the myelination process. We have previously developed a human iPSC-derived 3D brain organoid model (also called BrainSpheres) that contains a high percentage of myelinated axons and is highly reproducible. Here, we have further refined this technology by applying multiple readouts to study myelination disruption. Myelin was assessed by quantifying immunostaining/confocal microscopy of co-localized myelin basic protein (MBP) with neurofilament proteins as well as proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). Levels of PLP1 were also assessed by Western blot. We identified compounds capable of inducing developmental neurotoxicity by disrupting myelin in a systematic review to evaluate the relevance of our BrainSphere model for the study of the myelination/demyelination processes. Results demonstrated that the positive reference compound (cuprizone) and two of the three potential myelin disruptors tested (Bisphenol A, Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, but not methyl mercury) decreased myelination, while ibuprofen (negative control) had no effect. Here, we define a methodology that allows quantification of myelin disruption and provides reference compounds for chemical-induced myelin disruption.     

丙炔醛(Propynal)电子激发态上V′_1振动模的测定

本文报导了利用超声膨胀分子束系统,研究了丙炔醛的红外——紫外双共振光谱,测了正常(H-Propynal)和氘化(D-Prodynal)丙炔醛电子激发态上C_1H_1伸缩振动模的频率v_1′,分别为3317cm~(-1)和3315cm~(-1)。     

Effects of the naturally occurring food mycotoxin ochratoxin A on brain cells in culture

The potential of ochratoxin A (OTA) to damage brain cells was studied by using a three-dimensional cell culture system as model for the developing brain. Aggregating cell cultures of foetal rat telencephalon were tested either during an early developmental period, or during a phase of advanced maturation, over a wide range of OTA concentrations (0.4 nM to 50 microM). By monitoring changes in activities of cell type-specific enzymes (ChAt and GAD, for cholinergic and GABAergic neurones, respectively, GS for astrocytes and CNP for oligodendrocytes), the concentration-dependent toxicity and neurodevelopmental effects of OTA were determined. OTA proved to be highly toxic, since a 10-day treatment at 50 nM caused a general cytotoxicity in both mature and immature cultures. At 10 nM of OTA, cell type-specific effects were observed: in immature cultures, a loss in neuronal and oligodendroglial enzyme activities, and an increase in the activity of the astroglial marker glutamine synthetase were found, Furthermore, at 2 and 10 nM of OTA, a clustering of microglial cells was observed. In mature cultures, OTA was somewhat less potent, but caused a similar pattern of toxic effects. A 24 h-treatment with OTA resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in protein synthesis, with IC50 values of 25 nM and 33 nM for immature and mature cultures respectively. Acute (24 h) treatment at high OTA concentrations (10 to 50 microM) caused a significant increase in reactive oxygen species formation, as measured by the intracellular oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin. These results suggest that OTA has the potential to be a potent toxicant to brain cells, and that its effects at nanomolar concentrations are primarily due to the inhibition of protein synthesis, whereas ROS seem not to be involved in the toxicity mediated by a chronic exposure to OTA at such low concentrations.     

Dietary selenium intake influences Cx43 dephosphorylation, TNF-α expression and cardiac remodeling after reperfused infarction

Scope : Post‐infarct left ventricular dysfunction and cardiac remodeling are the primary causes of chronic heart failure in industrialized countries. In the present study, we examined the influence of dietary selenium intake on cardiac remodeling after reperfused myocardial infarction and explored one of the possible mechanisms. Methods and results : Rats were fed a diet containing either 0.05 mg/kg (Low‐Se, group of rats receiving the low‐selenium diet) or 1.50 mg/kg (group of rats receiving the high‐selenium diet) selenium. At the end of the 5th week of the diet, rats were subjected to transient (1 h) coronary ligation followed by 8 days of reperfusion. Infarct size and cardiac passive compliance were increased in the Low‐Se group compared with group of rats receiving the high‐selenium diet. Similarly, indices of cardiac remodeling (thinning index and expansion index) were more altered in Low‐Se hearts. These adverse effects of the Low‐Se diet on cardiac remodeling were accompanied by an increase in cardiac TNF‐α content, a decreased activity of antioxidant seleno‐enzymes and an increase in connexin‐43 dephosphorylation. Conclusion : Dietary selenium intake influences post‐infarct cardiac remodeling even when provided within the range of physiological values. Our data suggest that the cardioprotective effect of selenium might be mediated by a reduced oxidative stress, a lower connexin‐43 dephosphorylation, and a decreased TNF‐α expression.     

守添新区设计竞赛

概念设计 胡志明市正在扩张，这个越南最重要的城市群正在发展成为21世纪的大都市，守添将成为西贡河左岸的城市新区。     

Two-dimensional metric tensor visualization using pseudo-meshes

Riemannian metric tensors are used to control the adaptation of meshes for finite element and finite volume computations. To study the numerous metric construction and manipulation techniques, a new method has been developed to visualize two-dimensional metrics without interference from an adaptation algorithm. This method traces a network of orthogonal tensor lines, tangent to the eigenvectors of the metric field, to form a pseudo-mesh visually close to a perfectly adapted mesh but without many of its constraints. Anisotropic metrics can be visualized directly using such pseudo-meshes but, for isotropic metrics, the eigensystem is degenerate and an anisotropic perturbation has to be used. This perturbation merely preserves directional information usually present during metric construction and is small enough, about 1% of the prescribed target element size, to be visually imperceptible. Both analytical and solution-based examples show the effectiveness and usefulness of the present method. As an example, pseudo-meshes are used to visualize the effect on metrics of Laplacian-like smoothing and gradation control techniques. Application to adaptive quadrilateral mesh generation is also discussed.     

Assessing land availability to produce biomass for energy: The case of Brazilian charcoal for steel making

The paper discusses the availability of biomass in Brazil to supply charcoal to the steel industry on the bases of an initial global assessment of land potentially available for plantations and of Brazilian data that allows refining the assessment and specifying the issue of practical availability.Technical potentials are first assessed through a series of simple rules against direct competition with agriculture, forests and protected areas, and of quantitative criteria, whether geo-climatic (rainfall), demographic (population density) or legal (reserves).Institutional, social and economic factors are then identified and discussed so as to account for the practical availability of Brazilian biomass through six criteria.The ranking of nine Brazilian States according to these criteria brings out the necessary trade-offs in the selection of land for plantations that would efficiently supply charcoal to the steel industry.