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1.
Martina Schwarz-Geschka 《Creativity & Innovation Management》1994,3(4):229-232
‘The Japanese are not creative, they just copy….’ This prejudice often crops up when you ask Western people about the creativity of the Japanese. However, Japanese industry is at the leading edge in many industrial sectors and one cannot adhere to this prejudice any longer. Japanese creativity is interesting from two points of view. First, Japanese industry is very competitive and the success cannot be explained by a single factor, like low wages or production costs. Secondly, there is a big difference between Japanese and western civilization and a comparison shows cultural influences on creativity in understanding and practice. However, the cultural specialities which are labelled as Japanese are mostly characteristic of other East Asian cultures as well. 相似文献
2.
Stephan Boden Martina Bieberle Uwe Hampel 《Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)》2008,139(2):351-362
Cone-beam type X-ray computed tomography (CBCT) is a potential method to measure three-dimensional phase distributions in vessels. An example for that is the measurement of gas profiles in stirred chemical reactors. Such data are highly valuable for the assessment and evaluation of chemical processes, for optimisation of the reactor and stirrer design, and for evaluation of computational fluid dynamics codes used to model the fluid flow and heat transfer in reactive systems. However, there are considerable difficulties for accurate quantitative measurements due to beam hardening and radiation scattering effects. In a theoretical and experimental work we have investigated the non-linear effects of both physical phenomena and developed a suitable measurement setup as well as calibration and software correction methods to achieve a highly accurate measurement of void fraction profiles with CBCT. 相似文献
3.
C. Melody Carswell Cindy H. Lio Martina I. Klein Duncan Clarke Stephen Strup 《Applied ergonomics》2010,42(1):138-145
Introduction
Subjective workload measures are usually administered in a visual-manual format, either electronically or by paper and pencil. However, vocal responses to spoken queries may sometimes be preferable, for example when experimental manipulations require continuous manual responding or when participants have certain sensory/motor impairments. In the present study, we evaluated the acceptability of the hands-free administration of two subjective workload questionnaires - the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and the Multiple Resources Questionnaire (MRQ) - in a surgical training environment where manual responding is often constrained.Method
Sixty-four undergraduates performed fifteen 90-s trials of laparoscopic training tasks (five replications of 3 tasks - cannulation, ring transfer, and rope manipulation). Half of the participants provided workload ratings using a traditional paper-and-pencil version of the NASA-TLX and MRQ; the remainder used a vocal (hands-free) version of the questionnaires. A follow-up experiment extended the evaluation of the hands-free version to actual medical students in a Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) training facility.Results
The NASA-TLX was scored in 2 ways - (1) the traditional procedure using participant-specific weights to combine its 6 subscales, and (2) a simplified procedure - the NASA Raw Task Load Index (NASA-RTLX) - using the unweighted mean of the subscale scores. Comparison of the scores obtained from the hands-free and written administration conditions yielded coefficients of equivalence of r = 0.85 (NASA-TLX) and r = 0.81 (NASA-RTLX). Equivalence estimates for the individual subscales ranged from r = 0.78 (“mental demand”) to r = 0.31 (“effort”). Both administration formats and scoring methods were equally sensitive to task and repetition effects. For the MRQ, the coefficient of equivalence for the hands-free and written versions was r = 0.96 when tested on undergraduates. However, the sensitivity of the hands-free MRQ to task demands (ηpartial2 = 0.138) was substantially less than that for the written version (ηpartial2 = 0.252). This potential shortcoming of the hands-free MRQ did not seem to generalize to medical students who showed robust task effects when using the hands-free MRQ (ηpartial2 = 0.396). A detailed analysis of the MRQ subscales also revealed differences that may be attributable to a “spillover” effect in which participants’ judgments about the demands of completing the questionnaires contaminated their judgments about the primary surgical training tasks.Conclusion
Vocal versions of the NASA-TLX are acceptable alternatives to standard written formats when researchers wish to obtain global workload estimates. However, care should be used when interpreting the individual subscales if the object is to make comparisons between studies or conditions that use different administration modalities. For the MRQ, the vocal version was less sensitive to experimental manipulations than its written counterpart; however, when medical students rather than undergraduates used the vocal version, the instrument’s sensitivity increased well beyond that obtained with any other combination of administration modality and instrument in this study. Thus, the vocal version of the MRQ may be an acceptable workload assessment technique for selected populations, and it may even be a suitable substitute for the NASA-TLX. 相似文献4.
Andreas Holzinger Markus Baernthaler Walter Pammer Herman Katz Vesna Bjelic-Radisic Martina Ziefle 《International journal of human-computer studies》2011,69(9):563-570
IntroductionAll hospitals in the province of Styria (Austria) are well equipped with sophisticated Information Technology, which provides all-encompassing on-screen patient information. Previous research made on the theoretical properties, advantages and disadvantages, of reading from paper vs. reading from a screen has resulted in the assumption that reading from a screen is slower, less accurate and more tiring. However, recent flat screen technology, especially on the basis of LCD, is of such high quality that obviously this assumption should now be challenged. As the electronic storage and presentation of information has many advantages in addition to a faster transfer and processing of the information, the usage of electronic screens in clinics should outperform the traditional hardcopy in both execution and preference ratings.This study took part in a County hospital Styria, Austria, with 111 medical professionals, working in a real-life setting. They were each asked to read original and authentic diagnosis reports, a gynecological report and an internal medical document, on both screen and paper in a randomly assigned order. Reading comprehension was measured by the Chunked Reading Test, and speed and accuracy of reading performance was quantified. In order to get a full understanding of the clinicians' preferences, subjective ratings were also collected.ResultsWilcoxon Signed Rank Tests showed no significant differences on reading performance between paper vs. screen. However, medical professionals showed a significant (90%) preference for reading from paper. Despite the high quality and the benefits of electronic media, paper still has some qualities which cannot provided electronically do date. 相似文献
5.
6.
Das Internet ist heute eine globale Infrastruktur, deren st?ndige Verfügbarkeit mehr oder weniger als gegeben angenommen wird.
Die Einführung neuer Technologien (z. B. Multicast, IPv6) in diese Infrastruktur erweist sich aus unterschiedlichen Gründen
als schwierig. Vielmehr haben sich Overlay-Netze in diesem Kontext als Innovationsmotor etabliert. Diese werden von Endger?ten
am Netzrand aufgespannt, ben?tigen somit keine neuen Komponenten in der Netzinfrastruktur und lassen sich selbstorganisierend
sowie skalierbar einsetzen. Interessant sind diese Eigenschaften auch für den Overlay-basierten Aufbau und Betrieb von Kommunikationsnetzen
an sich, mit dem Ziel, unbeeinflusst von Mobilit?t, Multi-Homing und Heterogenit?t der Protokolle und Zugangsnetze nahtlose
Konnektivit?t zwischen Endger?ten herzustellen. Dieser Artikel zeigt anhand von Beispielen auf, wie Overlays die Entwicklung
neuer Dienste im Internet vorantreiben k?nnen. Als Beispiel für eine Overlay-basierte Netzarchitektur, welche die Realisierung
neuer Dienste und Anwendungen erm?glicht, wird die Architektur zur Realisierung von Spontanen Virtuellen Netzen (SpoVNet) und deren Netzabstraktionsschicht ariba detailliert vorgestellt. 相似文献
7.
Teachers’ knowledge of computer-related ergonomics in education will have an effect on the learning process and the work practices of their students. However little is known about teacher education in this area. The study aimed to investigate the sources and nature of secondary school teachers’ education about computer-related ergonomics. It also investigated the use of computers by secondary school children. The study included all secondary schools in the Republic of Ireland. The findings suggest that computers are widely available and are used frequently by students and teachers. However, there is evidence that teachers are not receiving information on computer-related ergonomics. Teachers were generally dissatisfied with this and would welcome information on the subject. The study discusses the implications of the findings and makes recommendations to meet the needs of the teachers. 相似文献
8.
Knowledge visualization for evaluation tasks 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Although various methods for the evaluation of intelligent systems have been proposed in the past, almost no techniques are
present that support the manual inspection of knowledge bases by the domain specialist. Manual knowledge base inspection is
an important and frequently applied method in knowledge engineering. Since it can hardly be performed in an automated manner,
it is a time-consuming and costly task. In this paper, we discuss a collection of appropriate visualization techniques that
help developers to interactively browse and analyze the knowledge base in order to find deficiencies and semantic errors in
their implementation. We describe standard visualization methods adapted to specifically support the analysis of the static
knowledge base structure, but also of the usage of knowledge base objects such as questions or solutions. Additionally, we
introduce a novel visualization technique that supports the validation of the derivation and interview behavior of a knowledge
system in a semi-automatic manner. The application of the presented methods was motivated by the daily practice of knowledge
base development. 相似文献
9.
eljka Ve
eri-Haler Nika Kojc Karmen Wechtersbach Martina Pere Andreja Erman 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(15)
Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is promising in many diseases. Evaluation of their efficacy depends on adequate follow-up of MSCs after transplantation. Several studies have shown that MSCs can be labeled and subsequently visualized with magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). We investigated the homing of MSCs labeled with magnetic cobalt ferrite NPs in experimentally induced acute kidney injury in mice. To explore the homing of MSCs after systemic infusion into mice, we developed a pre-infusion strategy for optimal tracing and identification of MSCs with polyacrylic acid-coated cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) NPs by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in various organs of mice with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and control mice. By correlative microscopy, we detected MSCs labeled with NPs in the lungs, spleen, kidney, and intestine of cisplatin-treated mice and in the lungs and spleen of control mice. Our results confirm that labeling MSCs with metal NPs did not affect the ultrastructure of MSCs and their ability to settle in various organs. This study demonstrates the usefulness of cobalt ferrite NPs in ex vivo visualization of MSCs and offers correlative microscopy as a useful method in routine histopathology laboratories for tracing MSCs in paraffin-embedded tissue. 相似文献
10.
Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh Martina Formisano Mariachiara Di Pippo Manuel Lodesani Andrew John Lotery 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Stargardt disease is the commonest juvenile macular dystrophy. It is caused by genetic mutations in the ABCA4 gene. Diagnosis is not always straightforward, and various phenocopies exist. Late-onset disease can be misdiagnosed with age-related macular disease. A correct diagnosis is particularly critical because of emergent gene therapies. Stargardt disease is known to affect retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Many studies have also highlighted the importance of the choroid in the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and progression of the disease. The choroid is in an integral relationship with the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, and its possible involvement during the disease should be considered. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current diagnostic tools for choroidal evaluation and the extrapolation of useful data for ophthalmologists and researchers studying the disease. 相似文献