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1.
Effect of Modified Atmospheric Packaging on Physicochemical,Sensory and Microbiological Properties of Spray‐Dried Seabuckthorn Fruit Juice Powder Stored in Metallized Polyester Pouch at Room Temperature
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2.
Gamma spectrometric measurements were carried out in the primary sodium pipes of FBTR, twice during shut down state of the reactor with sodium circulating at 180 °C and once after draining the primary sodium from pipes. However, the first two measurements were mainly the feasibility studies of undertaking gamma spectrometric measurements inside the primary sodium cells and to establish a reference on the build up of radiation field in the cells due to the deposition of radionuclides on the walls of the primary sodium pipelines. For estimating the specific activity of radionuclides in the circulating sodium as well as deposited ones on the interiors of pipes, calibration curves were generated by simulating the geometry conditions. Third spectral measurement was performed after 651 EFPD of reactor operation under two scenarios, sodium circulating at 180 °C and sodium drained out from the primary sodium pipes. The radionuclides observed before draining of sodium are 54Mn, 58Co and 60Co due to corrosion products and 203Hg, 22Na and 24Na due to activation products of coolant and the soluble impurities in it. Trace quantities of 65Zn, 59Fe and 124Sb were also seen. Once the primary sodium is drained from the pipelines, the major radionuclides deposited inside the walls of the pipelines and their specific activities are, 54Mn (17,700 kBq/m2), 22Na, 60Co and 58Co (∼350 kBq/m2 each) and 65Zn (250 kBq/m2). These results indicate that the handling of components for maintenance work inside the cells housing primary sodium pipes, if warranted, is not much of a radiological concern. 相似文献
3.
Product form queueing networks (pfqn) and generalized stochastic Petri nets (gspn) have emerged as the principal performance modelling tools for flexible manufacturing systems (fms). In this paper, we present integratedpfqn-gspn models, which combine the computational efficiency ofpfqn and representational power ofgspn by employing the principle of flow-equivalence. We show thatfms that include nonproduct form characteristics such as dynamic routing and synchronization can be evaluated efficiently and
accurately using the integrated models. 相似文献
4.
The content of natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 40K) in sediment samples of Ponnaiyar River, taken from different depths, were determined using a γ-ray spectroscopic system with a NaI(TI) detector with an aim of evaluating the radiation hazard. The results are compared with Indian and world average values. To know the complete radiological characteristics, the radiological indices such as absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent (indoor and outdoor), radium equivalent activity, hazard index (H ex and H in), γ-index, activity utilization index, and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated. The results obtained were discussed and compared with the recommended values. The outdoor γ-dose rates were measured at each sampling site using an environmental radiation dosimeter. The measured results were compared with literature values and correlated with the calculated absorbed dose rate. Averages of all the radiation hazard indices and concentrations of all the measured radionuclides in all the layers are lower than the recommended level. The origin of the detected radionuclides is assessed by comparing the present results with the corresponding values for the earth crust and other rock formations. 相似文献
5.
Meenakshisundaram Ramanathan Biswadeep Saha Chai Ren Sivaraman Guruswamy Michael McCarter 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2013,22(4):1028-1034
Presence of hydrogen in materials is known to affect their mechanical properties due to hydrogen embrittlement problem. Steels used in various applications are prone to be exposed to aqueous electrochemical environments, which may introduce hydrogen into the alloy. These alloys are also prone to be simultaneously exposed to magnetic field, which may affect the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of these alloys. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of hydrogen and magnetic field on the mechanical behavior of iron-based alloys. In this work, the effect of hydrogen and magnetic field on the fracture behavior of high strength AISI 4340 steel was examined. Three-point bend test was used to study the fracture behavior. In all the cases, the samples tested with hydrogen charging show a drastic reduction in ductility and fracture stress values. The effect of magnetic field was seen to be negligible. The hydrogen embrittlement was characterized by a change in the fracture surface from a ductile-type fracture to a brittle cleavage-type fracture. Acoustic emission signals collected during the test corresponds to the fracture behavior. 相似文献
6.
M. Bhaskar G. Valavarasu A. Meenakshisundaram K.S. Balaraman 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2000,18(7):851-869
A pilot plant investigation was conducted to study the influence of hydrotreating conditions on conversion and characteristics of diesel blend and to determine the severity of operating conditions required to meet the proposed product specifications for diesel fuel in India. A typical diesel blend derived from various refinery streams with sulphur content of 2·06 wt% was hydrodesulphurised over a commercial NiO-MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst in a pilot plant trickle bed reactor. The experiments were conducted at 300-370°C, 30-50 kg/cm2, 2·0 3·0 hr-1 liquid hourly space velocity and constant H2/oil ratio of 185 m3/m3. The data showed that the diesel blend could be hydrotreated to meet revised product specifications of 0·25 wt% sulphur, 46 cetane number by increasing the severity of operation. The cetane number and aromatic saturation were limited by thermodynamic equilibrium at temperatures above 360°C. The influence of temperature was found to be more pronounced than that of pressure in the range of operating conditions studied. 相似文献
7.
Magdoom KN Subramanian D Chakravarthy VS Ravindran B Amari S Meenakshisundaram N 《Neural computation》2011,23(2):477-516
We present a computational model that highlights the role of basal ganglia (BG) in generating simple reaching movements. The model is cast within the reinforcement learning (RL) framework with correspondence between RL components and neuroanatomy as follows: dopamine signal of substantia nigra pars compacta as the temporal difference error, striatum as the substrate for the critic, and the motor cortex as the actor. A key feature of this neurobiological interpretation is our hypothesis that the indirect pathway is the explorer. Chaotic activity, originating from the indirect pathway part of the model, drives the wandering, exploratory movements of the arm. Thus, the direct pathway subserves exploitation, while the indirect pathway subserves exploration. The motor cortex becomes more and more independent of the corrective influence of BG as training progresses. Reaching trajectories show diminishing variability with training. Reaching movements associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) are simulated by reducing dopamine and degrading the complexity of indirect pathway dynamics by switching it from chaotic to periodic behavior. Under the simulated PD conditions, the arm exhibits PD motor symptoms like tremor, bradykinesia and undershooting. The model echoes the notion that PD is a dynamical disease. 相似文献
8.
Ganesan Archana Packirisamy Azhagu Saravana Babu Kasirajan Sudharsan Kalleary Sabina Ramachandran Palpandi Raja Meenakshisundaram Sivarajan 《International Journal of Food Properties》2016,19(7):1583-1592
In the present investigation, potato slices of 3 cm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness with edible coating (1% Okra and 1% Okra + Carrageen polysaccharide coating solutions) and without any coating treatment (control samples) were fried in sunflower oil at temperatures from 170–180°C for 5 min. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of fried chips was recorded using fluorescence mode of the microscope. We observed gas cells and fat globules in the confocal laser scanning microscopy micrographs of fried chips. The results indicated that both 1% Okra and 1% Okra + Carrageen polysaccharide were effective in reducing the moisture loss and decreasing oil uptake (p ≤ 0.05), but we found the highest effect in those samples treated with 1% Okra + Carrageen polysaccharide coating. These results substantiate the application of edible coating with 1% Okra and 1% Okra + Carrageen polysaccharide to the potato chips resulting in better moisture retention capacity, eventually leading to chips with lower fat content. 相似文献
9.
Inbasekaran Muthuvel Meenakshisundaram Swaminathan 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2008,92(8):857-863
The hetero-Fenton catalyst Fe(III)-Al2O3 was prepared and characterised by ICP-AES, FT-IR and SEM-EDX. A detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of Acid Violet 7 (AV 7) using this Fenton immobilised Al2O3 catalyst was carried out. The optimal reaction conditions for the photodegradation of AV 7 with this catalyst are reported. Higher efficiency of the catalyst in solar light than in UV light makes this heterophoto-Fenton degradation, a green technological process. The catalyst is found to be stable and reusable. The completion of degradation has also been confirmed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements. 相似文献
10.
M. Bhaskar G. Valavarasu A. Meenakshisundaram K. S. Balaraman 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2002,20(3):251-268
A three phase heterogeneous model was used to analyse the performance of a pilot plant trickle bed reactor employed for hydrodesulphurisation of atmospheric gas oil fraction. [6] have presented a three phase heterogeneous model for hydrodesulphurisation of vacuum gas oil in a trickle bed reactor and showed that it can be used to include the inhibiting effect of hydrogen sulphide on sulphur conversion. This model was based on two film theory and incorporated mass transfer phenomena at the gas-liquid and liquid-solid interface. The chemical reaction rates were described using Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Though heterogeneous models are assumed to be more rigorous than the pseudo homogeneous models, the validation data using different reactors and reaction systems is scarce. The present study aims to validate the model with particular attention to show the influence of hydrodynamic parameters and intrinsic rates of reaction on reactor performance. The model predictions were compared with experimental observation under wide range of operating conditions. The data generated on hydrodesulphurisation of an atmospheric gas oil fraction over commercially available CoO-MoO3/A12O3 catalyst was used to test the model. The simulation showed good agreement with the experiments carried out in a wide range of operating conditions. 相似文献