Reusable Polyacrylonitrile-Sulfur Extractor of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater

Mercury, lead, and cadmium are among the most toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal ions (HMIs), posing serious threats to the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and public health. There is an urgent need to remove these ions from water by a cheap but green process. Traditional methods have insufficient removal efficiency and reusability. Structurally robust, large surface-area adsorbents functionalized with high-selectivity affinity to HMIs are attractive filter materials. Here, an adsorbent prepared by vulcanization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a nitrogen-rich polymer, is reported, giving rise to PAN-S nanoparticles with cyclic π-conjugated backbone and electronic conductivity. PAN-S can be coated on ultra-robust melamine (ML) foam by simple dipping and drying. In agreement with hard/soft acid/base theory, N- and S-containing soft Lewis bases have strong binding to Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺, with extraordinary capture efficiency and performance stability. Furthermore, the used filters, when collected and electrochemically biased in a recycling bath, can release the HMIs into the bath and electrodeposit on the counter-electrode as metallic Hg⁰, Pb⁰, Cu⁰, and Cd⁰, and the PAN-S@ML filter can then be reused at least 6 times as new. The electronically conductive PAN-S@ML filter can be fabricated cheaply and holds promise for scale-up applications.     

Two-step pyrolytic engineering to form porous nitrogen-rich carbons with a 3D network structure for Zn-air battery oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

It is of great urgency to design inexpensive and high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts derived from biowastes as substitutes for Pt-based materials in electrochemical energy-conversion devices. Here we propose a strategy to synthesize three-dimensional (3D) porous nitrogen-doped network carbons to catalyze the ORR from two-step pyrolysis engineering of biowaste scale combined with the use of a ZnCl₂ activator and a FeCl₂ promotor. Electrochemical tests show that the synthesized network carbons have exhibited comparable ORR catalytic activity with a half-wave potential (~0.85 V vs. RHE) and outstanding cyclical stability in comparison to the Pt/C catalyst. Beyond that, a high electron transfer number (~3.8) and a low peroxide yield (<7.6%) can be obtained, indicating a four-electron reaction pathway. The maximum power density is ~68 mW cm^?2, but continuous discharge curves (at a constant potential of ~1.30 V) for 12 h are not obviously declined in Zn-air battery tests using synthesized network carbons as the cathodic catalyst. The formation of 3D porous structures with high BET surface area can effectively expose the surface catalytic sites and promote mass transportation to boost the ORR activity. This work may open a new idea to prepare porous carbon-based catalysts for some important reactions in new energy devices.     

神经网络在缺陷识别中的应用

为了准确、快速地进行缺陷识别，介绍了一种新型的前馈神经网络模型，即径向基概率神经网络。与以往的算法相比，该方法具有分类识别精度高且速度快的优点。仿真获得了很好的结果。     

新的载体媒介传递膜

总结了近几年研究和发展的几种载体媒介传递膜。与支撑液膜相比，这些膜具有好的稳定性和长的寿命。对某些物质，如重金属离子、小分子中性碳氢化合物、氨基酸等有高的选择性和通量。它们的传递机理为固定位置跳跃或移动和固定载体2种机理结合。这些研究有望在环境、生物等技术领域中应用。     

对氧化物熔体浮区中重力对流的数值模拟

利用有限元分析方法数值模拟了界面形状对氧化物高温熔体碟形浮区中的温度分布和重力对流速率的影响，发现界面形状对重力对流速率有较大的影响，对于凸面，相对于炉圈平面5％的偏离使重力对流速率增大25％，偏离越大，重力对流速度越大，对于凹面，5％的偏离使重力对流速率减小15．7％，偏离越大，重力对流速度越小。     

氧化铝纤维增强铝基复合材料热磨损研究EI

采用挤压铸造法制备了Al_2O_3纤维和Al_2O_3·SiO_2纤维增强铝基复合材料,在室温及200～400℃下进行了磨损性能试验。结果表明,复合材料的热磨损性能受纤维取向、纤维成分、基体成分及对磨材料硬度所影响,纤维的加入明显提高了铝基合金的耐磨性。     

硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀的微生物防治研究进展

综述了硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀领域的微生物防治措施的研 究进展，并对微生物菌种的选择、防治机理以及应用等方面进行了探讨.     

CO2应用于中小型水厂原水pH值调控生产性试验

针对水源水pH升高给净水工艺带来的水质风险,以调控水体pH为目的,保障水质安全为目标,在深圳市上南水厂利用CO2释放高效混合碳酸制备系统投加CO2气体,应对原水pH异常升高问题.试验表明,原水投加CO2后,反应pH值基本维持在7.40～7.80,滤后水耗氧量去除率提升10％左右,浑浊度基本维持在0.12 NTU左右,制水成本为0.008元/m3,出水2-MIB浓度低于标准.运行效果显著,水质保障能力提升,制水成本较低,对环境无污染,为同类型原水的大型水厂应用CO2气体提供数据参考.     

Evaluation of hydrogels for soft tissue adhesives <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> analyses

In this study, natural materials (sodium alginate, dextran, gelatin and carboxymethyl chitosan) were modified to get aldehyde components and amino components. Upon mixing the two-component solutions together, four kinds of Schiff base hydrogels formed successfully within 5-300 s and could seal the wound tissue. The cytotoxicity tests of hydrogel extraction solution confirmed that the hydrogels are nontoxic materials. The adhesive ability was evaluated in vivo by measuring the adhesive strength after sealing the skin incisions on the back of rats. All the hydrogels showed higher adhesive strength than that of commercial fibrin glue and the blank control. The histological staining observation by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and Masson’s trichrome staining (MTC) methods suggested that the hydrogels had good biocompatibility and biodegradation in vivo. They have only normal initial inflammation to skin tissue and could improve the formation of new collagen in the incision section. So, the prepared hydrogels were both safe and effective tissue adhesive, which had the great potentials to be used as skin tissue adhesive.