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1.
The metal contact method of rapid freezing is greatly improved by irradiating the specimen with microwaves at 2.45 GHz for a short period of time (50 ms), while pushing the specimen onto the surface of the copper block cooled by liquid N2. The microwave irradiation, together with two technical improvements (a light-mass plunger and a recently developed β-gel shock absorber) for preventing bounce, produces a good freezing zone for squid retina, with high reproducibility for each experimental trial, extending from the contact surface to a depth of about 15 μm, which is comparable to the depth obtained by the metal contact method using liquid He in the absence of microwave irradiation. A good freezing zone was also experimentally demonstrated in specimens of rat liver and heart muscle. Microwave irradiation does not have appreciable effects on the ultrastructure of squid retina. The mechanism underlying the improvement in the rapid freezing under the microwave irradiation is discussed. 相似文献
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Tetsuya Murai Yoshiharu Sato Germano Resconi Michinori Nakata 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2003,82(4):186
The concept of granular computing is applied to Aristotle's categorical syllogism. Such kind of reasoning is called granular reasoning in this paper. For the purpose, two operations called zooming in & out are introduced to reconstruct granules of possible worlds. 相似文献
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Masayuki Kaneda Michinori Yamamoto Koichi Nakaso Tsuyoshi Yamamoto Jun Fukai 《Precision Engineering》2007,31(2):177-184
The seesaw-oscillation of a small circular pad on a single droplet was studied both numerically and experimentally. The circular pad with a diameter of 2.0–3.8 mm onto a water or glycerol droplet with a volume of 1–10 μL, and a bottom substrate with a smaller diameter than that of the pad were used in the experiment. The pad was then tilted and then the tilting fixture was quickly removed. The pad alternately oscillated and then finally stabilized in a horizontal position. The numerical model considering the surface tension and the viscous force of the droplet was developed and calculated using the same configurations as those in the experiment. The experimental and numerical data showed good agreement not only in terms of the oscillating frequency and damping ratio but the transient motion of the circular pad and instantaneous droplet surface shape. 相似文献
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A reflection-type liquid crystal (LC) test cell is prepared with a rectangular waveguide for investigation of a novel method to determine refractive indices and loss parameters of nematic liquid-crystal materials. As the bottom of the test cell is sealed with a glass window and the top of the cell is capped with a metal-tipped movable reflector after the LC materials are injected, both ends of the waveguide test cell have large reflectance. Thus the reflection properties of the LC test cell can be well described by a multiple-beam interference model. A simple method for the determination of refractive indices from the reflection measurement data is proposed based on results of some investigations with the theoretical model. Commercially available LC materials have been measured with this method at a millimeter-wave frequency (50 GHz) by use of a simple experimental setup with a Gunn oscillator and a diode detector. 相似文献
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We propose a novel formation method of arbitrary phase profiles of circular light by controlling azimuthal angles of liquid-crystal directors; its principle is described theoretically. A new liquid-crystal blazed grating is demonstrated by use of the proposed method. It is revealed that the first-order diffraction efficiency reaches the maximum value (theoretically 100%, experimentally approximately 90%) at an optimum applied voltage when the phase difference between the extraordinary and ordinary rays agrees with one-half the wavelength. Furthermore, the polarization states of the diffracted light beams are analyzed by Stokes parameter measurements, and unique polarization-splitting properties are revealed. 相似文献
7.
A novel depolarization method for linearly polarized incident light that uses a liquid-crystal (LC) cell with randomly aligned hybrid orientation domains is theoretically described by use of Mueller matrix calculations. The depolarization effect of the incident linear polarization is confirmed with Stokes parameter measurements. The unique optical properties of the fabricated LC depolarizer are revealed; that is, the intensity of the transmitted light is independent of the rotation of the analyzer. The degree of polarization becomes zero when the retardation of the LC depolarizer coincides with a half-wavelength. 相似文献
8.
Massively parallel classification of single-trial EEG signals using a min-max modular neural network 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents a method for classifying single-trial electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using min-max modular neural networks implemented in a massively parallel way. The method has three main steps. First, a large-scale, complex EEG classification problem is simply divided into a reasonable number of two-class subproblems, as small as needed. Second, the two-class subproblems are simply learned by individual smaller network modules in parallel. Finally, all the individual trained network modules are integrated into a hierarchical, parallel, and modular classifier according to two module combination laws. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we perform simulations on fifteen different four-class EEG classification tasks, each of which consists of 1491 training and 636 test data. These EEG classification tasks were created using a set of non-averaged, single-trial hippocampal EEG signals recorded from rats; the features of the EEG signals are extracted using wavelet transform techniques. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has several attractive features. 1) The method is appreciably faster than the existing approach that is based on conventional multilayer perceptrons. 2) Complete learning of complex EEG classification problems can be easily realized, and better generalization performance can be achieved. 3) The method scales up to large-scale, complex EEG classification problems. 相似文献
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Ryuta Ozawa Kazunori Hashirii Yohtaro Yoshimura Michinori Moriya Hiroaki Kobayashi 《Autonomous Robots》2014,36(1-2):67-78
This paper presents a design of a three-fingered robotic hand driven by active and passive tendons and proposes control methods for this hand. The tendon-driven robotic hand consists of the thumb, the index and the middle fingers. The robotic thumb can move all the joints independently. In contrast, the index and the middle robotic fingers are under-actuated using the combination of active and passive tendons, and move the terminal two joints synchronously, which is one of the important features of the human digits. We present passivity-based impedance and force controllers for tendon-driven robotic fingers and discuss how to combine them for fast and secure grasps. We experimentally validate that the robotic hand moves fast and manipulates an object and demonstrate that the robotic hand grasps objects in diverse ways. 相似文献
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Hideo Sawada Michinori Umedo Tokuzo Kawase Masanori Baba Toshio Tomita 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,92(2):1144-1153
A variety of fluoroalkyl end‐capped 3‐[N‐(3‐acrylamido)propyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate polymers [RF–(APDAPS)n–RF] were prepared by the reactions of fluoroalkanoyl peroxides with the corresponding monomer under very mild conditions. Similarly, fluoroalkyl end‐capped 2‐vinylpyridinio propane sulfonate polymer was obtained by the use of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide. These fluoroalkyl end‐capped sulfobetaine polymers exhibited a good solubility in water; however, these polymers have a poor solubility in other solvents. In particular, RF–(APDAPS)n–RF polymers caused gelation in methanol, although RF–(VPPA)n–RF polymer showed no gelation in methanol. RF–(APDAPS)n–RF polymers were found to form the self‐assembled molecular aggregates with the aggregations of the end‐capped fluoroalkyl segments and the ionic interactions between sulfobetaine segments in aqueous solutions. On the other hand, it was suggested that RF–2‐vinylpyridinio propane sulfonate (VPPS)n–RF polymer is not likely to form the self‐assemblies in aqueous solutions because of the steric hindrance of pyridiniopropyl betaine units in polymer. We also studied the surfactant properties of RF–(APDAPS)n–RF and RF–(VPPS)n–RF polymers compared with those of other fluoroalkyl end‐capped betaine‐type polymers such as 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid polymers and 2‐(3‐acrylamidopropyldimethylammonio) ethanoate polymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1144–1153, 2004 相似文献