Chemokines Up-Regulated in Epithelial Cells Control Senescence-Associated T Cell Accumulation in Salivary Glands of Aged and Sjögren’s Syndrome Model Mice

Immunosenescence is characterized by age-associated changes in immunological functions. Although age- and autoimmune-related sialadenitis cause dry mouth (xerostomia), the roles of immunosenescence and cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of sialadenitis remain unknown. We demonstrated that acquired immune cells rather than innate immune cells infiltrated the salivary glands (SG) of aged mice. An analysis of isolated epithelial cells from SG revealed that the expression levels of the chemokine CXCL13 were elevated in aged mice. Senescence-associated T cells (SA-Ts), which secrete large amounts of atypical pro-inflammatory cytokines, are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases. The present results showed that SA-Ts and B cells, which express the CXCL13 receptor CXCR5, accumulated in the SG of aged mice, particularly females. CD4⁺ T cells derived from aged mice exhibited stronger in vitro migratory activity toward CXCL13 than those from young mice. In a mouse model of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), SA-Ts also accumulated in SG, presumably via CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling. Collectively, the present results indicate that SA-Ts accumulate in SG, contribute to the pathogenesis of age- and SS-related sialadenitis by up-regulating chemokines in epithelial cells, and have potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of xerostomia caused by these types of sialadenitis.     

Use and Disuse of Contextual Primes in Dynamic News Environments

This study reexamines the news priming effects of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Suggesting an alternative approach to those used in previous studies, this study assesses individuals' use and disuse of a contextual prime (i.e., the air war) in dynamic news environments. With a short-term, quasi-experimental approach considering the air war as a prime stimulus, a path analysis suggests robust evidence of the short-term accessibility effects of priming. More importantly, as suggested in Martin's (1986) set/reset model, this study extends priming effects beyond the simple hydraulic patterns of accessibility effects. It reveals that both attitudes toward military action and attitudes toward a diplomatic solution were used in subsequent judgments of the president's job performance and handling of the war. The associations between attitudes toward a diplomatic solution and subsequent judgments were even stronger than those between attitudes toward military action and the same subsequent judgments, despite the clear prowar primes of news discourse in the air-war context. This pattern was more greatly intensified among those in the high news attention group than those in the low news attention group     

太原选煤厂粗煤泥系统技术分析

通过对太原选煤厂粗煤泥回收流程中各个作业进行技术检查,对角锥池、旋流器的分级、浓缩效率进行计算,对各个作业的灰分进行化验.分析了各个作业存在的问题,提出了改进意见.找到了煤泥筛和旋流器是现有流程灰分积聚问题的症结所在,并提出了整改方案.     

煤矿自然技术条件与原煤成本关系的分析

分析了各种主要的自然技术条件与原煤成本变化的关系，由此确立了各影响因素对成本变化的影响程度。用价值分析法对统计数据进行处理，并选择性地拟合自然技术来件与成本变化关系式，采用关联度确定的修正系数来评价各影响因素对成本产生的变化量，从而建立了用于控制各类矿区实际成本和制定目标成本的模型。     

XRD studies of electrochemically hydrided–dehydrided thin films of the alloy AZ31 and AZ31 with Ti

A magnetron sputtered thin films of the AZ31 alloy and AZ31 alloy with Ti capped with Pd were electrochemically hydrogenated and dehydrogenated in a 3 M KOH solution. A phase composition and structure of the films were studied by XRD. It has been determined that the behaviour of magnetron sputtered alloy AZ31 during electrochemical charging with hydrogen was alike that of pure Mg. The shift of the XRD peak Mg (0 0 0 2) to lower angles indicates that a hydrogen solid solution in the AZ31 alloy was formed along with MgH₂. When the AZ31 alloy with 18 at.% of Ti was electrochemically hydrogenated the whole film was transformed into hydride. The minor part of the hydride was in the nanocrystalline state with a structure of rutile and a major part of the hydride was in the amorphous state. After dehydrogenation only a part of the alloy recovered and the rest remained in the state of amorphous hydride. A positive shift of peak Pd (1 1 1) was observed in all of the XRD patterns for hydrogenated films. At least partially the shift should be associated with the compressive stresses in the top-cap layer of Pd, which arose due to the hydrogenation of the AZ31 alloy.     

Substituent effects on the photofading of disperse azo dyes on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate

The relationships between the chemical structures and oxidative fading of the disperse azo dyes, p‐nitrophenylazo‐ and benzothiazoleazo‐anilines, on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate are discussed in terms of the parameters k_0,i (rate constants of reaction towards ¹O₂) and f_i (photosensitivity), the molecular parameters of molecular orbital theory and substituents in the diazo and coupling components, on the assumption that the initial rates of oxidative fading are proportional to the product of k_0,i and f_i. 2‐Methoxy‐5‐acetylamino‐N‐substituted aniline couplers exhibited large f_i values. 2‐Chloro and 4‐nitro substituents of aniline diazo components exhibited small f_i values or high quantum yields of internal conversion, while 4‐nitro substituent did not. A close correlation between N‐substituents and light fastness, proposed by Müller and supplemented by Dawson, demonstrates the applicability of frontier orbital theory, through the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of the dyes, to the analysis of oxidative fading. Dyes with N‐2‐cyanoethyl substituents, which gave a lower HOMO energy, also exhibited superior light fastness compared with N‐2‐hydroxyethyl substituents.     

High‐ versus Low‐Quality Graphene: A Mechanistic Investigation of Electrografted Diazonium‐Based Films for Growth of Polymer Brushes

Electrografting using aryldiazonium salts provides a fast and efficient technique to functionalize commercially available 3?5 layered graphene (vapour‐deposited) on nickel. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used to quantify the grafting efficiency of cyclic voltammetry which is one of the most versatile, yet simple, electrochemical techniques available. To a large extent the number of defects/substituents introduced to the basal plane of high‐quality graphene by this procedure can be controlled through the sweeping conditions employed. After extended electrografting the defect density reaches a saturation level (～10¹³ cm^?2) which is independent of the quality of the graphene expressed through its initial content of defects. However, it is reached within fewer voltammetric cycles for low‐quality graphene. Based on these results it is suggested that the grafting occurs (a) directly at defect sites for, in particular, low‐quality graphene, (b) directly at the basal plane for, in particular, high‐quality graphene, and/or (c) at already grafted molecules to give a mushroom‐like film growth for all films. Moreover, it is shown that a tertiary alkyl bromide can be introduced at a given surface density to serve as radical initiator for surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). Brushes of poly(methyl methacrylate) are grown from these substrates, and the relationship between polymer thickness and sweeping conditions is studied.     

Feature Extraction Method Based on Pseudo-Wigner-Ville Distribution for Rotational Machinery in Variable Operating Conditions

In the case of fault diagnosis for roller bearings, the conventional diagnosis approaches by using the time interval of energy impacts in time-frequency distribution or the pass-frequencies are based on the assumption that machinery operates under a constant rotational speed. However, when the rotational speed varies in the broader range, the pass-frequencies vary with the change of rotational speed and bearing faults cannot be identified by the interval of impacts. Researches related to automatic diagnosis for rotational machinery in variable operating conditions were quite few. A novel automatic feature extraction method is proposed based on a pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) and an extraction of symptom parameter (SP). An extraction method for instantaneous feature spectrum is presented using the relative crossing information (RCI) and sequential inference approach, by which the feature spectrum from time-frequency distribution can be automatically, sequentially extracted. The SPs are considered in the frequency domain using the extracted feature spectrum to identify among the conditions of a machine. A method to obtain the synthetic symptom parameter is also proposed by the least squares mapping (LSM) technique for increasing the diagnosis sensitivity of SP. Practical examples of diagnosis for bearings are given in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The verification results show that the features of bearing faults, such as the outer-race, inner-race and roller element defects have been effectively extracted, and the proposed method can be used for condition diagnosis of a machine under the variable rotational speed.     

Culturing immobilized plant cells for the TUBUL space experiments on the DELTA and 12S Missions

For the TUBUL experiments during the DELTA mission in April 2004 and 12S mission in March/April 2006 on board the Soyuz capsule and the International Space Station we developed a method to culture and chemically fix plant suspension culture cells. The aim of the ten day experiment was to investigate the effect of microgravity on single plant cells. Fully automated experiment cassettes (Plunger Box Units) were developed by Centre for Concepts in Mechatronics (Nuenen, the Netherlands). Tobacco BY- 2 cells were immobilized in a semi- solid agarose matrix that was reinforced by a nylon mesh. This assembly allowed liquid medium refreshment, oxygen supply and chemical fixation, including a post- fixative wash. The method was optimized for post- flight analysis of cell structure,shape and size, cell division, and the microtubule cytoskeleton. The viability of cells in the agarose matrix was similar to cells grown in liquid medium under laboratory conditions, only the stationary growth phase was reached six days later.