Category Learning in Rhesus Monkeys: A Study of the Shepard, Hovland, and Jenkins (1961) Tasks.

In influential research, R. N. Shepard, C. I. Hovland, and H. M. Jenkins (1961) surveyed humans' categorization abilities using tasks based in rules, exclusive-or (XOR) relations, and exemplar memorization. Humans' performance was poorly predicted by cue-conditioning or stimulus-generalization theories, causing Shepard et al. to describe it in terms of hypothesis selection and rule application that were possibly supported by verbal mediation. The authors of the current article surveyed monkeys' categorization abilities similarly. Monkeys, like humans, found category tasks with a single relevant dimension the easiest and perceptually chaotic tasks requiring exemplar memorization the most difficult. Monkeys, unlike humans, found tasks based in XOR relations very difficult. The authors discuss the character and basis of the species difference in categorization and consider whether monkeys are the generalization-based cognitive system that humans are not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

关于加快发展木材造纸的几点看法

造纸工业发展必须以木材纤维原料为主,我国具备发展木材纤维原料造纸的资源条件,只要坚持走林纸结合的道路,加快造纸专用人工林建设,造纸所用的木材纤维原料一定会有突破性的发展。     

热双金属元件的稳定性

指出了解决热双金属元件的一致性和稳定性是提高低压电器产品质量的关键,介绍了控制热双金属元件稳定性的方法,及在元件装配过程中的质量控制方法.     

膜蒸馏技术在水处理中的应用

从膜蒸馏技术的膜分离过程、原理、分类、优缺点以及应用领域尤其是在水处理行业中的广泛应用进行了叙述,并指出膜蒸馏技术的应用前景和发展趋势。     

Performance of a new low‐cost laser disdrometer with rainfall intensity correction in heavy rainfall

Recently, a new low‐cost disposable laser disdrometer with the capacity for hydrometeor imaging was proposed by the authors. The laser disdrometer has the drawback of detecting false raindrops, which are splashed droplets and pooled water drops on the housing. Actual raindrops can be sorted from false raindrops by their different fall speeds, but the large size and slow falling speed of false raindrops induce significant observational dead time, affecting the raindrop capture rate and the number density of the raindrops. The ratio between the actual number of raindrops and the total number of drops including the false raindrops provides a reasonable rain intensity correction. This report describes the performance of a laser disdrometer with rain intensity correction in heavy rainfall. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

云环境下公平性优化的资源分配方法

针对云数据中心资源分配不均、效率不高、资源错位等问题,为了满足不同用户的需求,达到多种资源分配的公平性,实现资源的高效利用,提出了全局优势资源公平（GDRF）分配算法。GDRF算法采用多轮分配方式,即先通过用户已分配资源量确定分配资格,每轮再通过全局优势资源共享比和全局优势资源权重来确定具体的分配用户,分配过程充分考虑了资源的匹配情况,采用了max-min fairness思想的渐进填充方式,并且将多资源分配公平性统一度量模型运用到了算法中。实验基于一个Google集群数据模型与基于占优资源的多资源联合公平分配算法作了比较。实验结果表明,GDRF算法分配的虚拟机总量提高了12%,资源总利用率提高了0.5个百分点,公平评估值提高了约15%,并且该算法的资源组合分配的适应度较高,使得用户需求和供给更匹配。     

新世纪我国造纸工业的思考与分析

人类正怀着思虑和希望迎接新世纪的曙光 ,２１世纪将是一个经济、科技竞争更加剧烈的时代 ,世纪之初的一二十年又最为关键。我国造纸工业总趋势朝向何方 ,原料的选择、消费量的增长、产品结构的调整、企业的经济规模、环境的保护、资金的来源以及技术装备的发展等等重大问题将趋于何种状态 ,这些都需要造纸工作者急切地、自觉地进行系统的研究和周密的思考 ,从中获得新思维、新认识 ,科学地预见未来的前景 ,从而更可靠地确立远大目标和达到目标所开发的系统工程。为此 ,本文从我国造纸工业在国民经济中的地位和当前面临的机遇与挑战以及发展…     

任意点置镜极坐标法测设曲线fx—4500P计算器通用程序

采用ｆｘ－４５００Ｐ计算器，编制了一个任意点置镜极坐标法测设曲线通用程序，适合圆曲线，圆曲线加缓和曲线两种曲线，给出了程序，并介绍了使用方法及有关问题。     

Us without them: Evidence for an intragroup origin of positive in-group regard.

Four experiments examined whether group formation and positive in-group regard require interaggregate comparison as the in-group-requires-an-out-group assumption of the metacontrast principle implies. The authors fostered novel social aggregates with or without a contrasting aggregate with which members could compare and varied intra-aggregate factors (interaction or interdependence). Regardless of whether interaggregate comparison was feasible, the intra-aggregate factors increased the perceived entitativity of the aggregate and positive regard toward the aggregate (i.e., social attraction and cooperation among members). Mediation analyses were consistent with the possibility that the intra-aggregate factors promoted entitativity, which in turn promoted in-group regard. These data suggest that group formation and in-group regard have intragroup origins and do not require comparison with a contrasting social aggregate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Prototypes in the mist: The early epochs of category learning": Correction to Smith and Minda (1998).

Reports an error in "Prototypes in the mist: The early epochs of category learning" by J. David Smith and John Paul Minda (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1998[Nov], Vol 24[6], 1411-1436). As a result of errors made in production, two equations in the article were printed incorrectly. The corrected equations are included in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1998-12790-005.) Recent ideas about category learning have favored exemplar processes over prototype processes. However, research has focused on small, poorly differentiated categories and on task-final performances--both may highlight exemplar strategies. Thus, we evaluated participants' categorization strategies and standard categorization models at successive stages in the learning of smaller, less differentiated categories and larger, more differentiated categories. In the former case, the exemplar model dominated even early in learning. In the latter case, the prototype model had a strong early advantage that gave way slowly. Alternative models, and even the behavior of individual parameters within models, suggest a psychological transition from prototype-based to exemplar-based processing during category learning and show that different category structures produce different trajectories of learning through the larger space of strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)