High ionic conduction in tetragonal solid solution of the system La2O3-MgF2

LaOF-type tetragonal solid solution was found in the system La₂O₃–MgF₂. This phase showed higher anionic conduction than the previously reported cubic solid solution in the system La₂O₃–CaF₂. Electrolysis by Tubandt's method showed that fluoride ion conduction was dominant in this solid solution. The fluoride ions were considered to be easily substituted by oxide ions through cathode reaction in the oxygen atmosphere.     

Oxide ion conduction in the sintered oxides of MoO3-doped Bi2O3

In order to examine the conduction behaviour in the sintered oxides of MoO₃-doped Bi₂O₃, the electrical conductivity in air and the EMF of oxygen gas concentration cell were measured with respect to the phase relation determined by X-ray diffraction.The tetragonal single phase oxide containing 22 mol% MoO₃ was found to be a high oxide ion conductor, the conductivity of which was comparable to those of stabilized zirconias. The partial electronic conduction in this phase was negligibly small at relatively high oxygen pressure. The oxide ion conduction was considered to be attributable to an appreciable amount of oxygen vacancies present in the crystal. In the monoclinic compound 3Bi₂O₃·2MoO₃, the oxide ion conduction was also observed. Although the conductivity of this phase was somewhat lower than that of the tetragonal phase, the activation energy for conduction (53·5 kJ mol^–1) was much lower than the values for usual oxide ion conductors.     

High‐efficiency light‐collection optics for lamp‐based projection TV

Abstract— A new light‐collection optics has been developed that enhances the luminance of projection TV which use lamps as the light source. The conventional optical system consists of an elliptical reflector and a flat‐surface front glass, but these systems cannot sufficiently collect the beams coming from the light source, and they cause loss in the coupling with the light pipe. To solve this problem, we devised a new optical system through a structure of an aspherical reflector and an aspherical front glass. This new optical system concentrates the beams coming from the light source to a smaller point which improves the coupling efficiency. Thus, we have successfully increased the luminance of the projection TV by approximately 10%. This paper reports the design principles of the new optical system and the results of a prototype experiment.     

Characterization of silicon dioxide films on a 4H-SiC Si(0001) face by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy

We used Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to characterize silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) films on a 4H-SiC(0001) Si face. We found that the peak frequency of the transverse optical (TO) phonon in SiO(2) films grown on a 4H-SiC substrate agrees well with that in SiO(2) films grown on a Si substrate, whereas the peak frequency of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon in SiO(2) films on a 4H-SiC substrate is red-shifted by approximately 50 cm(-1) relative to that in SiO(2) films on a Si substrate. We concluded that this red-shift of the LO phonon is mainly caused by a change in inhomogeneity due to a decrease in density in the SiO(2) films. Furthermore, cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy results indicated that the channel mobility of the SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) decreases roughly in proportion to the increase in the intensity of the CL peak at 460 and 490 nm, which is attributed to the increase in the number of oxygen vacancy centers (OVCs). FT-IR and CL spectroscopies provide us with a large amount of data on OVCs in the SiO(2) films on a 4H-SiC substrate.     

cDNA cloning, gene expression and secretion of chitinase in winged bean

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the control of arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) has not been studied in vivo in a thermoregulatory end organ. In this study, the effect of local inhibition of NO synthesis by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on the microvasculature in the rabbit ear (n=12) was observed in vivo through a chronically implanted ear microvascular chamber. Ear cutaneous blood perfusion (CBP), total auricular arterial flow (TAF), and ear temperature were monitored simultaneously with the direct microvascular observations. Results revealed that intrafacial artery infusion of L-NAME produced significant vasoconstriction of arterioles, AVAs, and venules (p < 0.05). A decrease of ear blood perfusion also was demonstrated by changes of CBP, TAF, and surface temperature. The data provide evidence that basal generation of NO influences the vascular resistance in the thermoregulatory end organ. Moreover, endogenous NO production may be more important in regulating the AVA flow than is flow in other parts of the rabbit ear microvasculature. The effects of NO inhibition on ear microvasculature were not abolished by superior cervical ganglionectomy, indicating that NO production in the rabbit ear is not a neurally mediated mechanism. Further study with a short-term rabbit ear preparation showed that inhibition of NO production with L-NAME enhanced microvascular constrictive responses to extraluminal application of norepinephrine. NO thus appears to play a role of basal vasodilator in opposition to the basal adrenergic vasoconstrictor tone in the rabbit ear.     

Adsorption of benzoic acid and phenol from aqueous solution by activated carbons—effect of surface acidity

Effect of surface acidic groups of activated carbons on their adsorption characteristics for substrates from aqueous solutions were studied. Six kinds of carbons obtained commercially and their heat-treated products were used. Pore-size distribution, BET surface area and surface acidity were measured. Adsorption isotherms for benzoic acid and phenol from aqueous solutions (single or double components) were obtained. Substitution adsorption, i.e. substrate adsorbed preliminarily is substituted by another substrate, was also carried out. It was found that adsorption of benzoic acid is scarcely affected by surface acidity of carbons and the amount adsorbed is almost entirely controlled by the specific surface area of carbons. On the contrary, adsorption of phenol is retarded considerably by the acidity of carbons. In the case of solution of double components, benzoic acid is adsorbed predominatedly. The phenol adsorbed preliminarily is easily substituted by benzoic acid, but the substitution of benzoic acid by phenol scarcely proceeds.     

球墨铸铁轧辊的光纤激光合金化性能

为了提高球墨铸铁轧辊的使用性能,采用光纤激光合金化系统对轧辊表面的预置合金层进行激光扫描,在球墨铸铁轧辊表面形成了冶金结合的合金化层.在最佳工艺参数条件下,分析了合金化层的耐磨性能、维氏硬度、冷热疲劳性能和显微组织.结果表明,合金化后的球墨铸铁轧辊的耐磨性能约为基体的3倍,维氏硬度也得到了明显提高,冷热疲劳性能基本相同.合金化层由亚共晶组织构成,亚共晶组织初晶相由马氏体(M)、未分解WC硬质相及共晶组织构成,共晶组织由马氏体(M)与复杂碳化物(WC、Co6W6C和Fe3C)构成.合金化层深度约为0.4 mm且组织细小.     

Molecular cloning,expression, and characterization of secretory phospholipase A<Subscript>2</Subscript> in tobacco

Phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) activity was investigated in various tissues of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLA₂ activity in the flower was 15 times higher than that in the leaf, stem, and root. PLA₂ activity in the flower appears to have originated from both Ca²⁺-dependent and-independent PLA₂. A cDNA clone for protein with homology to animal secretory PLA₂ (sPLA₂), denoted as Nt PLA₂, was isolated from the tobacco flower. The cDNA of Nt PLA₂ encoded a mature protein of 127 amino acid residues with a putative signal peptide of 30 residues. The amino acid sequence for mature Nt PLA₂ contains 12 cysteines, a Ca²⁺ binding loop, and a catalytic domain that are commonly conserved in animal sPLA₂. The Nt PLA₂ mRNA was mainly expressed in the root and stem of tobacco. The recombinant Nt PLA₂ was expressed as a fusion protein with thioredoxin in Escherichia coli. From the bacterial cell lysate, the fusion protein was recovered in soluble form and cleaved by Factor Xa proteinase. Then the recombinant mature Nt PLA₂ was purified by ion exchange chromatography. It was discovered that the purified Nt PLA₂ essentially requires Ca²⁺, for the enzyme activity when the activity was determined using mixed-micellar phospholipid substrates with sodium cholate. The optimal activity of Nt PLA₂ was at pH 8–10 when PC was used as a substrate.